tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60656500516778723012024-03-15T18:09:15.668-07:00Pitt Rivers Object CollectionsPitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.comBlogger101125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-55701354572059688422023-08-03T02:34:00.000-07:002023-08-03T02:34:12.744-07:00Barbie and other dolls at the Pitt Rivers Museum<p><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With the release of Mattel’s new <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbie_(film)" target="_blank">Barbie movie</a> and a renewed public interest in dolls, it only felt fitting to share the Barbie that we have in the Museum’s handling collection alongside some of the dolls in the Object collection. Barbie and the Barbie movie connect to the dolls in the Pitt Rivers Museum collection in fascinating and unexpected ways, from spirituality to her dual purpose as a toy and collector’s item.</span></span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section" style="background-color: white;"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">One obvious similarity that can be identified is between Barbie and the jointed <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-166507" target="_blank">Greek Pottery dolls</a> on display in the Doll's case in the Museum’s Lower Gallery. These types of dolls have primarily been excavated at temples and gravesites and, according to the Palatine Anthology, were dedicated to the gods by girls before their wedding to signify the end of her childhood. Terracotta dolls with articulated limbs continue to be a subject of debate among scholars, with some arguing that they clearly weren’t meant to be played with due to their fragile materiality, and others pointing out that their kinetic structure inidcates that they were meant to be used as toys. I personally agree with the viewpoint that they might have been used for both- as an effigy dedicated to the gods or buried alongside young girls who experienced an untimely death, but also treated as toys (perhaps with material differences between the dolls being played with in the human world and in the afterlife).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgfQE0xnBBZz6K0cC4KE_DUPRjFuN-PxkQ2t9QeiaRzSDWWo06Z9DIvHMww1nKkiKO1y_27rINUwybusXoMfQODoXcS2tb2pTL0M3KsUsgsmAuAPFWWcl8OqbuzvIC4WmQIF-9CuQsgX0Slwelk0cRSDwLtu1i-Ul1Ajg3O58lPBqgGsqxFEOiRiyQtjs0b" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1200" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgfQE0xnBBZz6K0cC4KE_DUPRjFuN-PxkQ2t9QeiaRzSDWWo06Z9DIvHMww1nKkiKO1y_27rINUwybusXoMfQODoXcS2tb2pTL0M3KsUsgsmAuAPFWWcl8OqbuzvIC4WmQIF-9CuQsgX0Slwelk0cRSDwLtu1i-Ul1Ajg3O58lPBqgGsqxFEOiRiyQtjs0b=w400-h270" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1917.53.516 Jointed pottery dolls from Greece donated in 1917. Copyright Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This of course raises the question: are all dolls meant to be played with? Dolls have a long history of being associated with ritual and magic, but often dolls don’t fit into the neat categories of “for ritual” and “for play” as many Western scholars like to classify them. Most dolls have played a multitude of roles that have waxed and waned in significance over the course of their histories, causing the concepts of “play” and “ritual” to frequently overlap. We see this interaction between the human and magical world in the Barbie movie when, “stereotypical Barbie'', played by Margot Robbie, makes the journey from Barbie Land to the human world to find out who’s playing with her, as actions in the human world have started to influence her experience as a toy. The role of dolls as intermediaries between the human realm and intangible realms, like the spirit world, is an idea that has existed across cultures past and present. One example of this at Pitt Rivers Museum is the collection of Nenets Uko dolls, which are made from the beaks of migratory birds and dressed in traditional Nenets clothing.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFO-cWqzhrFZ-H0oOkb4jCqV7VCAJtwUDF7kJALlJ1RnLRHX8BlhyASUJRZYojxLZ_4LXirYlF6kyq2WpwijoR20atIEk-C7_q_fmK4yHjqQvI35o8kdwq2Lrj18419LkFj4D4O62OqKzmsXFxuNsVDahbeb6f1DEmYlNJP6n-P1crT2sRWRGCVO57g0Dr" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="1200" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFO-cWqzhrFZ-H0oOkb4jCqV7VCAJtwUDF7kJALlJ1RnLRHX8BlhyASUJRZYojxLZ_4LXirYlF6kyq2WpwijoR20atIEk-C7_q_fmK4yHjqQvI35o8kdwq2Lrj18419LkFj4D4O62OqKzmsXFxuNsVDahbeb6f1DEmYlNJP6n-P1crT2sRWRGCVO57g0Dr=w640-h282" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-130305">1935.52.14</a> Nenets Uno doll with head made of goose beak. Copyright Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span><p></p><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The beaks of migratory water birds are used to create Uko dolls because it was believed that these birds fly away to the Nenets god Num every year, making them innocent, pure, and able to protect the children. The use of beaks also allowed Nenets people to leave the dolls faceless to avoid humanising them. It was once a widely accepted notion that giving a doll a human face gives it a human spirit, and potentially the ability to harm its user (especially if the user has played with them too roughly). Over time, the function of Uko dolls within Nenets culture has shifted from religious objects to beloved children’s toys. Despite this shift, Uko dolls remain closely linked to Nenets spirituality. According to ancient Nenets beliefs, a girl’s actions when playing with Uko dolls (including breaking or losing them) can foretell her future destiny, so </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">playing with them carefully and putting them away in special pouches known as “padko” was encouraged.</span></span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="page" title="Page 3"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Both of the examples above link dolls to childhood, but there are numerous historic and contemporary examples of dolls and dollhouses being purchased by adults. Adults purchasing dolls and dollhouses is nothing new- one of the earliest recorded purchases of a doll's house was one commissioned for Albert V Duke of Bavaria in 1557-78, “as a cabinet of curiosities for the Duke’s delight.” Like doll houses, Barbie and her dream house also appeals to adult audiences, and in the newly released Barbie movie, “stereotypical Barbie” is surprised to discover that it is the mother of the family that has recently been playing with her. Off screen, Barbie is also popular among adult toy collectors- in 2021, Vice interviewed one adult with a staggering 12,000 Barbies in his collection. Although the initial intention of Ruth Handler (the inventor of Barbie) was to make a doll for little girls, over time Barbie has taken on this additional role as an object for adults.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNXcSOM_ABCos2iJNOhjL3SlmjHtiAM2UttCu1moEmiBi2Xb0kwZ20nao9ZCGGJrbnhY_ZCqLQBUhGspDf5W-I8ljs4F276YXPfG-g3pjZbi8qs6YL8JsKZ-oURFXynNmsz4WBds0qf4JpSCzHSJf9k4vn0x1XXQ_1gypc2Nlz7i_Mi3AIlYkZpTerkRfT" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="504" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNXcSOM_ABCos2iJNOhjL3SlmjHtiAM2UttCu1moEmiBi2Xb0kwZ20nao9ZCGGJrbnhY_ZCqLQBUhGspDf5W-I8ljs4F276YXPfG-g3pjZbi8qs6YL8JsKZ-oURFXynNmsz4WBds0qf4JpSCzHSJf9k4vn0x1XXQ_1gypc2Nlz7i_Mi3AIlYkZpTerkRfT=w168-h400" width="168" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-210697">2004.3.44</a> Wooden Kokeshi doll painted in the traditional style. Copyright Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Kokeshi dolls have a similar story, and there is just one in the Pitt Rivers Museum collection. Kokeshi dolls likely originated from the Tōhoku region of Japan. They were made by woodturners, who usually made objects like plates and bowls, as toys for their children. Their simple, cylindrical shape was easy for infants to hold and play with and they eventually became gifts commonly given to newborns, sometimes with their name engraved onto the doll.</span></span></p><p></p></div><div class="column"><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="page" style="text-align: left;" title="Page 3"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The introduction of railroads during the Meiji era (1868-1912) resulted in a boom in domestic travel and Japanese farmers began travelling during their off-seasons to mountainous regions like Tōhoku to experience the hot springs. The woodturners living </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">in these areas saw this as an opportunity to sell their wares to tourists, including kokeshi dolls. Today, Japan is visited by tourists from across the globe, and kokeshi dolls have become a coveted souvenir for those visiting its onsen towns and looking to bring back a piece of rural charm from their holiday.</span></span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="page" title="Page 4"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt;">All these dolls that have been researched as part of the Play! Project will be available for families to experience as part of Saturday Object Handling sessions later this year. In addition to purchasing tangible versions of Museum objects for visitors to experience, the Play! Project has also purchased some Barbies to compare to these international examples. One of these is Interior Design Barbie, who also has a disability.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhC2tDIF3K-tRqEwu8_c-eYI261gfp9BR01PON5DHaR737u7OwPB-j6ywMUcnc-RUgl83wp42gTgAmNSQ35OJkT1-RhboOtP9YzSnTx9dr28GeZtub3QdNSpFzvrttI3sBz-6O4gRUw9O6OtmKLLC2yt5CrC67GsW3FsBN8L_96HJjhYNdWXqzk2ZQkVc2M" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="642" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhC2tDIF3K-tRqEwu8_c-eYI261gfp9BR01PON5DHaR737u7OwPB-j6ywMUcnc-RUgl83wp42gTgAmNSQ35OJkT1-RhboOtP9YzSnTx9dr28GeZtub3QdNSpFzvrttI3sBz-6O4gRUw9O6OtmKLLC2yt5CrC67GsW3FsBN8L_96HJjhYNdWXqzk2ZQkVc2M=w400-h348" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Museum handling object. Interior design Barbie</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="page" title="Page 4"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mattel has a history of making problematic and stereotypical dolls but its recent career dolls and “Inspiring Women” series have demonstrated the company’s attempts at positive change. These newer designs, although continuing to portray unrealistic body proportions, have the potential to broaden the perspectives of today’s generation of children about how they view themselves and others. This enables us to initiate important conversations with children about body image and inclusion through these dolls.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">If you want to learn more about the dolls at the Pitt Rivers Museum, come along to the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/event/telling-the-stories-of-dolls-in-the-museum" target="_blank">Monday lunchtime talk </a>on 16th October:</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The section on Uko dolls was made possible thanks to material provided by members of the Nenets community and translation work carried out by Anya Gleizer.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">By Megan Christo</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Collections and Public </span>Engagement<span style="font-size: small;"> Officer</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/play" target="_blank">Play! project</a></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Further reading:</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Elderkin, K. M. (1930). </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">Jointed Dolls in Antiquity. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">American Journal of Archaeology. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 455-479.</span></span></p></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Gerber, R. (2019). </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">Barbie Forever: Her Inspiration, History, and Legacy (Official 60th Anniversary Collection)</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">, Epic Ink, Washington.</span></span></div></div><div class="page" title="Page 5"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Gutschk, F. (2019). </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">Greek Terracotta Dolls: Between the Domestic and the Religious Sphere </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">in </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">Hellenistic and Roman Terracottas</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. pp. 215–222. Doi: 10.1163/9789004384835_016.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Japan House London. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">Kokeshi - Japanese Wooden Dolls. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[online] </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Okazaki, M. (2021). </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">Japanese Kokeshi Dolls, The Woodcraft and Culture of Japan's Iconic </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Wooden Dolls, Tuttle Publishing.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ненецкая Игрушка в собрании ненецкого краеведческого музея, каталог. (Nenets Toys in the collection of The Nenets Museum of Local Lore, catalogue).</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-90468852784560582032022-06-16T01:20:00.004-07:002022-06-16T01:20:22.544-07:00<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A Toxic Fascination: Pufferfish (<i>Fugu</i>) in Japanese Art and Culture</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">On the ground level of the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk" target="_blank">Pitt Rivers Museum</a>, in a case dedicated to lamp-lights and lanterns, a strikingly unique object can be spotted: a hanging lantern made from the dried skin of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodontidae">pufferfish</a> (a fish referred to as <i>fugu </i>in Japan, where this lantern originates from). This object (<a href="http://databases.prm.ox.ac.uk/fmi/webd/objects_online">1909.32.10</a>) was acquired in 1909 by Miss E. C. Bell, a field collector for the Pitt Rivers Museum. A similar pufferfish-skin lantern from China (crafted in 1883 according the Pitt Rivers Museums’ collections database) was acquired by Oxford University Museum in 1893, and entered the collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum in 1917 (<a href="http://databases.prm.ox.ac.uk/fmi/webd/objects_online">1893.82.4</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKP1iCyaxoE7TgwL2HQeoQF9ALgfXu6wHDTqOd9yLp2ppNE7XaahLvaP4JwGWPInd88nGbTTnfufmExb_LzOU2RERiyKv0chNHS1l1pRGdY5pgT6wEEDMS5y_FfcY74q0Tlb6cGn_3J6PvMgF0DWTZ0KkaNnUGCNV_1uA0MIGE6ViDBdrqgxf5kGRZiw/s460/Picture%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="320" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKP1iCyaxoE7TgwL2HQeoQF9ALgfXu6wHDTqOd9yLp2ppNE7XaahLvaP4JwGWPInd88nGbTTnfufmExb_LzOU2RERiyKv0chNHS1l1pRGdY5pgT6wEEDMS5y_FfcY74q0Tlb6cGn_3J6PvMgF0DWTZ0KkaNnUGCNV_1uA0MIGE6ViDBdrqgxf5kGRZiw/w279-h400/Picture%201.jpg" width="279" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Japanese Fugu lantern 1909.32.10</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD4vSa1dOOe-T0xxevz8Khu8dz2m5WKqGFzXmVXcsxYMpnZLbx5l23MbqeAXBQJQYYxa34xV7-HGe4WRLKtpBQmNnmoVvv4itaxYuTjiz1g0_chvipk_-Dd-H9U1AGmWdU6B4bfedw3ExijcmeU4HHl7DiXQgcfZcYsM7GpRnEBmSY8yHMmEDlpX8d_Q/s616/Picture%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="616" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD4vSa1dOOe-T0xxevz8Khu8dz2m5WKqGFzXmVXcsxYMpnZLbx5l23MbqeAXBQJQYYxa34xV7-HGe4WRLKtpBQmNnmoVvv4itaxYuTjiz1g0_chvipk_-Dd-H9U1AGmWdU6B4bfedw3ExijcmeU4HHl7DiXQgcfZcYsM7GpRnEBmSY8yHMmEDlpX8d_Q/s320/Picture%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pufferfish lantern from China, 1893.82.4</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">While not exactly common, lamps such as these ones made from genuine dried puffer skin can still be purchased today. They have historically been found across Japan as children’s toys, folk art, souvenirs, and as decorations and advertisements outside restaurants specialising in the preparation of </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu. </i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Pufferfish skin has also been used in Japan in the creation of everyday items such as wallets and waterproof boxes. Pufferfish lanterns made from paper can also be found throughout the country – the restaurant Tsuboraya in Osaka (which closed in 2020 due to Covid, but served customers </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu </i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">delicacies for nearly a century) was known for the iconic oversized pufferfish-shaped paper lanterns which hung outside to advertise the restaurant.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDMK-jdTL128hegb91gOijaENGbAGvVsSdY-ifzeylY5kBIg65XwzeLSm02Bfz4_87vkRWRUAww7IJ6JMoymfxrXlmFRTuoqtBNTtuqn7GPVG0HCNcxgrXCKeDodlcgrnRrWMQWnP_P-WezBxXTU1mykhdS0ywt194Cj8osPiGDMEoeSX2Kgi9y-jG1A/s468/Picture%205.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="468" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDMK-jdTL128hegb91gOijaENGbAGvVsSdY-ifzeylY5kBIg65XwzeLSm02Bfz4_87vkRWRUAww7IJ6JMoymfxrXlmFRTuoqtBNTtuqn7GPVG0HCNcxgrXCKeDodlcgrnRrWMQWnP_P-WezBxXTU1mykhdS0ywt194Cj8osPiGDMEoeSX2Kgi9y-jG1A/w400-h320/Picture%205.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Exterior of the Tsuboraya restaurant in Okanawa, Japan, before its closure in 2020</td></tr></tbody></table></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Other than in the form of lanterns, pufferfish can be found referenced in Japanese visual culture (both historical and contemporary) as well as throughout popular culture worldwide, most likely due to their unique appearance and the fact that they are highly poisonous. For example, Hiroshige’s <i>Shoal of Fishes </i>print series from 1832 features an illustrated pufferfish, and the creature makes numerous appearances in Japanese folk culture. In contemporary Western media, a notable reference to the fish can be found in a 1991 episode of the popular animated cartoon <i>The Simpsons, </i>in which the main character eats improperly prepared <i>fugu </i>while visiting Japan and is told he only has 24 hours to live, due to the fact that the dish is toxic if prepared incorrectly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeGYFPlo8Hf-wnzy0j1MzSAZ1S4wk73xDq6bezSxU2eRGxMWLqFR14el0NjPixx47KVLQzYtYLmhuwyPWrtryljE2WdjR9nCgCqXf9sMShRI9Mf35MbUnvxtUmImVYjjknmxMmjwD4JgcbhKrYpOwOOpx_n7tSGwSwbV1fDGNhdpETgZkwgQMufQ7jrA/s468/Picture%204.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="468" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeGYFPlo8Hf-wnzy0j1MzSAZ1S4wk73xDq6bezSxU2eRGxMWLqFR14el0NjPixx47KVLQzYtYLmhuwyPWrtryljE2WdjR9nCgCqXf9sMShRI9Mf35MbUnvxtUmImVYjjknmxMmjwD4JgcbhKrYpOwOOpx_n7tSGwSwbV1fDGNhdpETgZkwgQMufQ7jrA/w400-h300/Picture%204.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Frame from the 1991 Simpson's Episode 'One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue fish'</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Despite this toxicity, </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu </i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">have been viewed as a delicacy in Japan for centuries, with evidence suggesting that they were eaten as early as the Jōmon period; pufferfish bones have been found in shell middens/</span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">kaizuka</i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"> (dumps for domestic waste) dating back 2300 years. They are also present in Korean cuisine and can be found referenced in traditional Korean culture. Due to their high levels of toxicity – </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu</i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"> flesh can be hundreds of times more poisonous than cyanide – they were banned as a dish by the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Tokugawa Shogunate</a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"> during the Edo period, but with the fall of the Shogunate they rose to popularity once again. In Japan, chefs are now required to obtain a license (requiring three years of training) to prepare and serve the dish, in order to avoid potentially fatal incidents (multiple people have died in the past as a result of consuming improperly prepared </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu</i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">). Given this potential toxicity, it might come as a surprise that </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu </i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">is one of the most prestigious and celebrated Japanese dishes. The town of Shimonoseki is known as the </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu </i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">capital of Japan, where the fish are caught and sold, and Osaka is also known for its high consumption of the fish. Despite scientists having been able to produce a non-toxic version of the fish through altering their diet, the toxic version still proves popular in Japan: for those that choose to consume </span><i style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">fugu</i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">, perhaps the danger is part of its appeal.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb-gfI6QAXVgprY5sEGmPVQ73en27w2W2cdlHMilXsdu37j0Qs6oj89xhNQOu2-fkDo6AVsoEnUwIcGfssJbLY80atj2_tmwOSnVVSNFNF0vhslw1SeR6IYezitYZaS5l0wgGLHZaIf4_YGbB_c2aWmuduivhFDLWydW1FN3ZyesBqDc2l66v88dnJ2g/s468/Picture%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="325" data-original-width="468" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb-gfI6QAXVgprY5sEGmPVQ73en27w2W2cdlHMilXsdu37j0Qs6oj89xhNQOu2-fkDo6AVsoEnUwIcGfssJbLY80atj2_tmwOSnVVSNFNF0vhslw1SeR6IYezitYZaS5l0wgGLHZaIf4_YGbB_c2aWmuduivhFDLWydW1FN3ZyesBqDc2l66v88dnJ2g/w400-h278/Picture%203.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Print by Hiroshige including a pufferfish (below), 1832 (woodblock print)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_Wk0kO_WKjrzBF9QeaeWEs88EIB_N7yo3WZGjrVhbXrhoH8MFiQqV12xkYtBnqkBs7Bn93-DfmE2ePwTC0Nyr5w8-TB8v4zfsC_zKomsnVO3aHFKU_e7gsM3Tl_jt-UL9OHICkg_bRs5IvSLUK_VdWdDJfzpjzaEeGC4abTeQwecPiI_QhXLawuabw/s979/Picture%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="979" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_Wk0kO_WKjrzBF9QeaeWEs88EIB_N7yo3WZGjrVhbXrhoH8MFiQqV12xkYtBnqkBs7Bn93-DfmE2ePwTC0Nyr5w8-TB8v4zfsC_zKomsnVO3aHFKU_e7gsM3Tl_jt-UL9OHICkg_bRs5IvSLUK_VdWdDJfzpjzaEeGC4abTeQwecPiI_QhXLawuabw/w400-h268/Picture%204.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Illustration by Kuwagata Keisai in a children's book <i>The Servants of the Dragon, King of the Sea: Fish and Sea</i>, Edo period</td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">By Lois Gardner (Pitt Rivers Museum Intern, History of Art student, University of Oxford)</span></span></p>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-16707364886864870532021-05-04T07:15:00.008-07:002021-05-04T07:19:38.560-07:00Labelling Matters: The Cook Collection: Euphemisms and Omitted Contexts <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBRDTBcHvb02mC8u-F7E3vPt_4YGZ6W8diA0Vnn3brHxVjZkJCTVGa8_FoFFs2z_w2SBGt7iVwepg_gLpi4Ocs2zRvEpLMtvsbk-Jyf5l4jR705rdNABEb_2W_HaAEgFt-MwmP3nTdy_XU/s2048/PRM0002031635540.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1367" data-original-width="2048" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBRDTBcHvb02mC8u-F7E3vPt_4YGZ6W8diA0Vnn3brHxVjZkJCTVGa8_FoFFs2z_w2SBGt7iVwepg_gLpi4Ocs2zRvEpLMtvsbk-Jyf5l4jR705rdNABEb_2W_HaAEgFt-MwmP3nTdy_XU/w640-h427/PRM0002031635540.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Cook collection on display at the Pitt Rivers Museum <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">© Pitt Rivers Museum</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-align: left;"><i><span face="Arial, sans-serif">“Coloniality is what the narratives hide or disguise because it cannot be said explicitly”</span></i><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> - Walter D. Mignolo</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-align: left;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The advent of globalization came with a promise of happiness, innovation and scientific discovery for mankind. The price paid: a continuous and ever growing appropriation of resources, labour and mental subjection of those people falling outside this pledge. It is in the paradox of trying to realize a universalist vision of human progress through the abuse of part of humankind that the workings of coloniality are captured.</span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">In pursuit of personal gain, colonial administrations actively obscured violent exploitation of peoples by presenting morally deplorable practices as aspects of a larger scheme of development. Uprooting political, economic, cultural and educational systems was justified as being part of a civilizing mission. Colonial rulers repeatedly advertised colonial missions as a responsibility and burden of white Europeans to bring civilization to mankind. It masked their true motives: economic profit and power. </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Masking motives, omitting contextual details and the subversion of truths are all mechanisms of coloniality that have evolved into standard practices now deeply rooted in Western practices and institutions. Euphemism became an important linguistic tool to veil injustices as well as to bend truths to fit the promise of progress. These euphemisms live forth in modern discourses and ought to be addressed in order to successfully eradicate the mechanisms and legacies of coloniality that run through society. </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The collections of the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk" target="_blank">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> are not immune to the workings of coloniality and have been shaped through an imperialist lens. To illustrate, the early colonial missions are consistently referred to as ‘<i>voyages</i>’ and ‘<i>expeditions</i>’ to emphasize this aspect of newness, endless possibility and scientific discovery that worked well upon the imaginations of Europeans. Such terminology obscures ulterior motives behind these missions.</span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Let us zoom into one such case of euphemism and omission. The Pitt Rivers Museum houses a vast collection of artefacts from <a href="https://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/cookvoyages/index.php/en/index.html">Cook’s voyages</a> to the Pacific between 1768 and 1775. It is right to state that these tours on the <i>Endeavour</i>, the <i>Resolution</i> and <i>Adventure</i> were in part motivated by scientific objectives. One of the main organisers, <a href="https://royalsociety.org/about-us/history/" target="_blank">The Royal Society</a>, an institute for the promotion of scientific research, co-organized these missions with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)">Admiralty</a>, which at the time was a separate branch of the British government concerned with naval affairs. However, the Admiralty’s motives for involvement extended well beyond the promise of science. Recent studies place Cook’s Pacific ‘voyages’ in a different light, not describing Cook as one of Britain's greatest ‘explorers/adventurers’ but rather as a problematic figure who laid the roots for colonialism.</span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">It has come to light that Cook, on orders of the Admiralty, deliberately reported false information and left out crucial discoveries in his records to keep strategic advantages over other imperial powers. It has recently been argued, on the basis of reports from both Cook himself and from people aboard the <i>Endeavor, </i>that Cook deliberately hid the existence of a strait separating modern day Australia from Tasmania, instead mapping what was then called Van Diemen’s Land as a peninsula. Additionally, it should be noted that nine indigenous people were killed during Cook’s first encounter with Maori who had lived in New Zealand (then Aotearoa) for centuries. It could thus be said that positive connotations underlying notions such as ‘expedition, explorer, and voyage’ are used euphemistically to obscure narratives of coloniality. Such terms conceivably fit the initial objective of universal progress, however, by placing these tours in its wider context it becomes evident that conflicts of interests underlie the so-called Cook voyages. Therefore, further contextualization is needed to fill narrative gaps and to settle on more adequate terminology.</span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5itzDn-gpIBiXHFM46B_XVTh4zz8MFWLzoUTp2FvqkHi-Ygg1-Hxi4Wt0VZS98DB0AJqCPLJCOVH32r4-dl0LSnA7GlONB0faMB43lFnfdIXS9Uz9hpoEkzCb1SywXI9q0wSYCuiKU0Fn/s941/Picture+1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="941" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5itzDn-gpIBiXHFM46B_XVTh4zz8MFWLzoUTp2FvqkHi-Ygg1-Hxi4Wt0VZS98DB0AJqCPLJCOVH32r4-dl0LSnA7GlONB0faMB43lFnfdIXS9Uz9hpoEkzCb1SywXI9q0wSYCuiKU0Fn/w640-h496/Picture+1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Interpretation panel for the Cook display<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> © Pitt Rivers Museum</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The object labels addressing Cook’s travels to the Pacific overemphasize its scientific purposes whilst not mentioning the strive for influence in the area. The contextual details provided in the Cook displays mainly address his scientific observations, the flourishing of trade between voyagers and islanders and the friendly nature of these encounters. What comes to light is a narrative in line with the promise of progress. As seen above it is dangerous to assume a direct link between Cook’s voyages and universal progress. His scientific discoveries were soon used as tools of power causing power imbalances. </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In conclusion, it is not right to simply state that ‘expeditions’ and ‘explorations’ such as Cook’s voyages preceded the arrival of colonial powers. They were itself in part an expression of coloniality. Through euphemisms and by omitting contextual details in the museum’s object labels, colonial legacies remain intact and are reinforced. The <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/labelling-matters" target="_blank">Labelling Matters</a> project is thus not limited to the identification of derogatory language use but also inquires into that which is not said explicitly. Paradoxically, it is perhaps within the embellishing narrative and the realm of silences that historical truth resides. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">By Jip Borm</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Labelling Matters project Intern</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Masters Student, University of Leiden</span></p></div>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-19284873740813802092021-03-15T01:16:00.000-07:002021-03-15T01:16:13.993-07:00Labelling Matters: The Role of Language in the Ethics of Representation<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> <i><span face="Arial, sans-serif">“In January 1897 a small party of British officials and traders on its way to Benin was ambushed. In retaliation a British military force attacked the city and the Oba was exiled. <b>Members of the expedition brought</b> thousands of objects <b>back to Britain,</b> including many of those shown here.” </span></i><span face="Arial, sans-serif">- Label from the <a href="https://prm.web.ox.ac.uk/files/beninpdf" target="_blank">Court Art of Benin</a> Case, Lower Gallery, Pitt Rivers Museum</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">This label is illustrative of the colonial legacies rooted in the<a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk" target="_blank"> Pitt Rivers</a> collections. Not only is this notion of ‘bringing back’ objects a euphemistic description of a large scale loot of artefacts, but by using a positive term such as ‘expedition’ it also obscures what was in fact a colonial mission. Such a label obscures the violent colonial context in which these objects were extracted. </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1RDDsKZ-ccPsv6tRFrlc1baUE7jEzMm4WZwSe3bVKt356hUCMBvJV7u2bpHZH2ZFS5g6y6Vhafycsn1khdFGUrodhCMl5VtXqR2rmJo-hR0y34RLxfhclaIpLO17OjsL-z2IrqSIdJEXB/s856/screenshot_2020-05-18_at_16.05.20.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="856" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1RDDsKZ-ccPsv6tRFrlc1baUE7jEzMm4WZwSe3bVKt356hUCMBvJV7u2bpHZH2ZFS5g6y6Vhafycsn1khdFGUrodhCMl5VtXqR2rmJo-hR0y34RLxfhclaIpLO17OjsL-z2IrqSIdJEXB/w640-h382/screenshot_2020-05-18_at_16.05.20.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A variety of labels from the Pitt Rivers Museum illustrating the use of offensive terminology. Copyright Pitt Rivers Museum.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span> <br /></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Institutions like the Pitt Rivers Museum are in the middle of a deconstructionist shift. The 19th century objective to bring cultures together for the purpose of the creation of a universalist epistemology is no longer considered a tangible project. It has come to light that the colonial context in which such appropriation of cultures took place has uprooted rather than established harmonies between cultures and their respective epistemologies.</span></span></span></span><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The museum’s commitment to create an inclusive and welcoming space for all goes beyond the use of words, yet it is through language that one can start to build an adequate ethics of representation. It is within the realm of language that a course of action towards a morally equitable space for the preservation and production of knowledge is revealed.</span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">In line with this, the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/labelling-matters" target="_blank">Labelling Matters project</a> seeks to revise the language used to describe objects as well as to re-conceptualize the prescriptive nature of its labels by rethinking <i>what </i>and <i>how </i>labels in the museum should relate to its readers. Such a self-reflexive project plays an important role in the process of decolonisation of the Pitt Rivers collections. Through identification of derogatory, Eurocentric, euphemistic and exclusionary language, a new vision towards fairer cultural exchanges is established. By reconsidering the power and function of language, new spaces for more pluriverse and inclusive narratives emerge.</span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The colonial model pushed ‘outside’ cultures through a process of one sided hermeneutical interpretation. Here, the ‘European’ served as the measure against which to compare and contrast others. As a result it rooted the Eurocentric idea that Western culture signifies something absolute, universal and is itself free of social differentiation. The legacy of this project is a set of misleading norms and axioms that are wrongly regarded as the universal principles that lead to human understanding. </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Such mechanisms of coloniality remain an obstacle to impartial dialogue between cultures. The current reactionary movement, of which the Labelling Matters project is constitutive, works to address and tackle such problematic legacies in order to establish fair dialogues and promote rich exchanges of knowledge amongst peoples. </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Although the museum has always been part of a process of change and revision, cases of inadequate representation remain multifold. To illustrate, these include instances of unjustifiable hierarchical rankings of cultures, misrepresentations of the ritual functions of objects and Eurocentric claims to interpretive agency. The study of such cases takes a pivotal role in this series of blog posts. </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Thus, the Labelling Matters project seeks to tackle the colonial foundations that stand in the way of the healthy relations and interactions between peoples that it wishes to create. The project envisages a rich field of interplay between cultures in which all peoples are regarded equally valid players in the production of knowledge. In this way the museum works towards new relevance in the contemporary world. It is through the formation of a pertinent ethics of representation that the museum wishes to create an inclusive space in which the plurality of narratives that make up human reality are rightfully valued.</span><span> </span><span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">By Jip Borm</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Labelling Matters project Intern</span></span></p><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Masters Student, University of Leiden</span><br /></span><br /></span>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-59550649775066909372020-10-12T07:57:00.001-07:002020-10-12T07:57:57.076-07:00Picturing the Arctic: Loan to the British Museum Citi Exhibition, Arctic Culture and Climate<p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_x7PNZWd_7tN7pJu8-cvQHESg749jENw-oMoelDROVfTfnCiyDRnVC7bOwJjTYBkg7mEdM-ABwqUUhKsP160utoSSlwrkFTOAsqKTmiJuCiUWK5B2Kkd-TgS3Otledr5er7GkEQIM2y56/s1200/1966.19.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1072" data-original-width="1200" height="572" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_x7PNZWd_7tN7pJu8-cvQHESg749jENw-oMoelDROVfTfnCiyDRnVC7bOwJjTYBkg7mEdM-ABwqUUhKsP160utoSSlwrkFTOAsqKTmiJuCiUWK5B2Kkd-TgS3Otledr5er7GkEQIM2y56/w640-h572/1966.19.1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sealskin and pigment map of the Bering Strait, 1966.19.1. Copyright Pitt Rivers Museum. </td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Despite the current pandemic many Museum have now reopened to the public and are trying to resume ‘normal business’ as best as possible. A very public facing part of normal business for museums is to plan and hold a number of temporary exhibitions. Depending on the scale of the exhibition, these often take years in the planning. Just before the UK lockdown the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk" target="_blank">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> was preparing to loan an amazing <a href="http://databases.prm.ox.ac.uk/fmi/webd/objects_online" target="_blank">sealskin pictogram</a> (1966.19.1) from our permanent displays to the British Museum for the exhibition</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/exhibitions/arctic-culture-and-climate" target="_blank">‘Arctic: Culture and Climate’</a></i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/exhibitions/arctic-culture-and-climate" target="_blank">.</a> Thankfully the exhibition has been rescheduled and will go ahead opening to the public on the 22</span><sup style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">nd</sup><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">October 2020 – 21 February 2021. The exhibition celebrates the ingenuity, creativity and resourcefulness of those who live in the Arctic regions and will include work by Arctic artists, poets and musicians as well as historical artefacts. The map we have lent to the exhibition of the Bering Strait was made by a Siberian Yupik man sometime between 1850-1865 and depicts intimate scenes of life with hunting, travelling, animal migrations, spiritual migrations, spiritual beings and events happening on the Russian and American coastlines. The map was most likely made by an important whaling captain and trader and passed on to British naval officer William Hooper. For the loan to happen we had to adapt our practices, overseeing the installation of the map in the gallery at the British Museum virtually via video call. This would not be possible for a more complex object but the map was secured to a backboard and so needed minimal handling to be condition checked and put in the display case.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Faye Belsey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Deputy Head of Collections </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;"><o:p></o:p></p>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-27222334393655675412020-08-19T03:07:00.003-07:002020-08-19T04:05:58.369-07:00 New Acquisitions: Painting from Ethiopia<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirq5BkAcvLzOEZzKgJyhD1DOCYHR-cOi11oJ2E2U1Yk3MqhHGBxnAwKe47X53IaB9b-gaKwgaEP1fDlO_wbfPEYzekTCXiA-xRlDax56frpQB-t82VOGls6aZoeeGy5KjviN4yi66q-cjE/s2048/Ethiopian+battle+scene.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1480" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirq5BkAcvLzOEZzKgJyhD1DOCYHR-cOi11oJ2E2U1Yk3MqhHGBxnAwKe47X53IaB9b-gaKwgaEP1fDlO_wbfPEYzekTCXiA-xRlDax56frpQB-t82VOGls6aZoeeGy5KjviN4yi66q-cjE/s640/Ethiopian+battle+scene.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">Painting by Solomon Belachew showing the defeat of Amhara Ethiopians by Ras Gobena donated to the Pitt Rivers Museum by Alan Goodwin in February 2020</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;">At the end of February Deputy Head of Conservation Andrew Hughes and myself drove the Museum van to Osney Island, Oxford to collect an Ethiopian painting kindly donated to the Museum by Alan Goodwin. Due to the unforeseen circumstances of the Covid -19 pandemic the painting remains in the Museum’s quarantine quarters for processing. Alan had sent photographs of the painting but I was really excited to see it in the flesh. The painting is a visual treat depicting a vivid and lively battle scene commanded by <a href="http://www.ethiopians.com/tse8.html">Ras Gobena</a>, General under Ethiopian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II">Emperor Menelik II</a>. Ras Gobena and Menelik II used guns manufactured in Europe to bring Southern and Northern areas of Ethiopia under a centralised rule. The painting clearly depicts Ras Gobena’s men painted with lighter skin attacking the Amhara Ethiopians from the Northern highlands of Ethiopia depicted in the painting with darker skin. The painting is full of contrasts; mud huts/tents, guns/spears, black/white, Christian/Animist, tunics/beaded loin cloths. This is interesting as ultimately it was the unity of Ethiopia, a country of multiple ethnicities and languages, culminating in its victory over the Italians at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa">Battle of Adwa in 1896</a>, ensuring Ethiopia’s sovereignty and freedom from colonialism. The triumphant victory at Adwa brought Ethiopia to the world’s attention, strengthening the country’s image as defender of African independence. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi74LZMPBPWalVqqgV7LMaPI2omszZUVI5bjVL8JCzf3p9I8yoIoXEvnlAws-KMf-wmrHMrVMTl2o98UEI-gbe9pBp5rqBf9ALO7DugPpdzO7n0y_zmlqzpRzmUVdJVBwQNqIc0zduPrxo9/s2048/The+British+Musem+Ethiopian+painting.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi74LZMPBPWalVqqgV7LMaPI2omszZUVI5bjVL8JCzf3p9I8yoIoXEvnlAws-KMf-wmrHMrVMTl2o98UEI-gbe9pBp5rqBf9ALO7DugPpdzO7n0y_zmlqzpRzmUVdJVBwQNqIc0zduPrxo9/s640/The+British+Musem+Ethiopian+painting.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: center;">Painting by Unknown artist on display at the British Museum depicting the Battle of Adwa, 1896</div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;">The painting is by the artist Solomon Belachew. It is very similar in style to a painting held by the <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1974-11-34">British Museum depicting the battle of Adwa</a>. There are stylistic similarities in the conventions used to paint the figures and conventions applied in Ethiopian religious paintings. The battle of Adwa was a popular subject for Ethiopians to paint and Solomon Belachew also painted the scene in a painting which is now at the <a href="https://africa.si.edu">Smithsonian National Museum of African Art</a>. In our Painting the lighter skinned Oromo Ethiopians are always painted as full-faced figures whilst some of the darker skinned Amhara Ethiopians are painted in profile distinguishing the forces of good from evil. The ferocity of the battle is captured in Belachew’s depiction of blood-spattered victims strewn on the ground. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfeGuRkApSN6H1sVXN7t4JmAfjHr72koK3o4Oif5CYkyMxGv3-zQ6-udMKzIX2Cj0IjWPCBRfeJgOFVOZJWchunFN1oLwHJgeZlo_tCM0eNYSFseE4hHdPevXbBPEzgn1DrAYZMSahS7im/s1949/ADG+in+Africa006.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1949" data-original-width="1318" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfeGuRkApSN6H1sVXN7t4JmAfjHr72koK3o4Oif5CYkyMxGv3-zQ6-udMKzIX2Cj0IjWPCBRfeJgOFVOZJWchunFN1oLwHJgeZlo_tCM0eNYSFseE4hHdPevXbBPEzgn1DrAYZMSahS7im/s640/ADG+in+Africa006.jpg" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"> Alastair Goodwin photographed in Africa during the 1940's.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;">The painting was purchased by Alan Goodwin’s father Alastair Goodwin in 1946 when he was posted to HQ <a href="https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/ethiopia-1942-present/">British Military Mission to Ethiopia</a> (Addas Ababa and Jimma) between May – October 1946. Solomon Belachew’s son is also an artist and continues to sale his own paintings and those of other local artist in his studio and shop in the Piazza tourist district of Addis Ababa. It was during <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447932?seq=5#metadata_info_tab_contents">Solomon Belachew’s father Belachew Yimar’s</a> time that such contemporary paintings in traditional style became popular souvenirs in the 1940’s for foreign visitors such as Alastair Goodwin to take home. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;">Faye Belsey </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm;">Deputy Head of Collections</p>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-67324404162260720912020-04-21T04:38:00.004-07:002020-04-21T04:38:34.829-07:00What’s in our Drawers? Transforming a hidden collection<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As many visitors to the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> have discovered, you will certainly not be short of things to see. But did you know that some 270 drawers in the Court and Lower Gallery are currently being reimagined? In this transformational project, generously supported by <a href="https://www.clothworkersfoundation.org.uk/">The Clothworkers’ Foundation</a>, a largely hidden collection will be made accessible to visitors and open up another exciting dimension to the rich ethnographic collections cared for by the Museum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFjL6YZ5tLQ1gi1j-RzaT5KmA6EjKZkqKpu1zDshjR6OhytxC6g86gQni4OEXmuRkL-eZAsMR2MK5of7zU_j3R7Nuz-ziJpqvmOCcDomi864h4Z1MHA6S3IBbwJoSfIrBowHj8nUWO0hM_/s1600/C.26.5+%2528Before%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1600" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFjL6YZ5tLQ1gi1j-RzaT5KmA6EjKZkqKpu1zDshjR6OhytxC6g86gQni4OEXmuRkL-eZAsMR2MK5of7zU_j3R7Nuz-ziJpqvmOCcDomi864h4Z1MHA6S3IBbwJoSfIrBowHj8nUWO0hM_/s320/C.26.5+%2528Before%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiNRcbB6ZJnCJuZfGIN5Tk4xtL-QTQiZFo_q6Sni9vlydVaEvjI-G4GVaVuQN1vum7RIuwu_wswdSl3Ihoa-Q-GZ1G_PUkb1Ku42Ro_BvkuUo-24M_r6oKIu6QCpuNq963qkEMkOEeG5ES/s1600/C.27.1+%2528Before%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1544" data-original-width="1600" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiNRcbB6ZJnCJuZfGIN5Tk4xtL-QTQiZFo_q6Sni9vlydVaEvjI-G4GVaVuQN1vum7RIuwu_wswdSl3Ihoa-Q-GZ1G_PUkb1Ku42Ro_BvkuUo-24M_r6oKIu6QCpuNq963qkEMkOEeG5ES/s320/C.27.1+%2528Before%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Many drawers are overcrowded, resulting in poor visibility of the collection and damage to the objects</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At present, these drawers have been used as ‘overspill’ to house objects from the collection and have been added to over the years. With a collection as vast as the Pitt Rivers, it is easy to imagine how crowded these drawers have become. Not only has this resulted in some damage to the objects, it has also limited the accessibility of these objects to visitors.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">These display drawers are contemporaneous to the Museum and, like the cabinets, form part of the well-known fabric of the museum often containing objects of the same ‘type’. Younger visitors enjoy pulling open the drawers and seeing what’s hidden inside, but the very action of opening the drawers currently risks further damage to the contents. Here lies the challenge: how do you go about updating these displays whilst working with historic display units? The answer comes in the form of a laser cutter and a lot of Plastazote foam!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Curating the Drawers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first step in their transformation involves retrieving the drawer and selecting a group of objects to keep on display in the drawer, those that do not make the cut are then packed for storage. Like the larger display cabinets in the Museum the drawers contain a wide variety of objects that span the globe and present a unique curatorial challenge. Most of the drawers are far too full and so the project of redisplay gives us the opportunity to rationalise what we display in any one drawer. This can be difficult when some of the topics are as complex as ‘divination and religious objects from Africa’. Often these objects have complicated histories. Sometimes these are explained on old handwritten metal rimmed labels and so where possible we try to make these labels visible. The hand-written labels are not without their problems, often they contain old fashioned or even offensive terminology. Luckily objects in the Pitt Rivers Museum have often been donated in multiples of the same thing, by different donors. Aesthetically it is nice to group objects in odd numbers and sometimes it can be easy to discount objects on the fact that they may be in a bad condition and there is another example of the same thing which can be used. Again selecting objects which are from the same geographic area is a good rationale as is selecting similar objects from different regions to demonstrate the ingenuity of people from all over the world to make objects for the same function from the resources they have available to them. We have allocated a postcard sized space to accommodate a short explanatory label for each drawer, this also provides a challenge to write a short text interesting enough to aid the visitor in understanding what can be seen but brief enough to fit on a postcard and cover the diverse range of geographical areas and different cultures represented by the multiple objects displayed in a single drawer. Each week we look forward to discovering the contents of a drawer and are excited to see what lies in wait for us. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Conserving the Drawers Contents<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe-Rokho_zWXapCqBalw1WMjHZr7hStYOCOsnFSQX6j349VIB55YE4RSE-cf2UCmhgyljCaL8xrhqyU9Wm4_F13aK9bcWWTSiL7jxjMun7qLC6pO3aCNQzO2ki19-MWV9x7_YF2vv6CQQN/s1600/IMG_6460.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1586" data-original-width="1600" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe-Rokho_zWXapCqBalw1WMjHZr7hStYOCOsnFSQX6j349VIB55YE4RSE-cf2UCmhgyljCaL8xrhqyU9Wm4_F13aK9bcWWTSiL7jxjMun7qLC6pO3aCNQzO2ki19-MWV9x7_YF2vv6CQQN/s320/IMG_6460.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rebeccas re-humidifying a plant fibre sample</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The project has also allowed for remedial intervention to be carried out on some objects that have deteriorated or been damaged whilst stored in the drawers. Conservation treatment has ranged from re-bonding broken clay figurines, re-humidifying pineapple fibre textile samples, and carrying out tear repairs on a folding paper scene. The sheer variety of conservation challenges has been a wonderful opportunity to get to know objects that have remained largely unseen for a number of years. Not only does this ensure that objects are stabilised, it also means that they can be discovered anew by both staff and visitors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4NeLFz9gnGGKdgDjjASD5u3qz4ZVWM-Mcl1qZ8PxR0P6yXfLsS94JHg3i5UwIuKNhYKjFXKqmvxZJQmVKY0IWKcemXthyhUfJ0gF8dujVcOx_vm63BowZQla0SCq2KdWMz-JGmO_qyQq8/s1600/1961.6.86+%2528Before+Treatment%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="1600" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4NeLFz9gnGGKdgDjjASD5u3qz4ZVWM-Mcl1qZ8PxR0P6yXfLsS94JHg3i5UwIuKNhYKjFXKqmvxZJQmVKY0IWKcemXthyhUfJ0gF8dujVcOx_vm63BowZQla0SCq2KdWMz-JGmO_qyQq8/s320/1961.6.86+%2528Before+Treatment%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZhumb40FFcP7nrPXcnlfHKD7TXhRI9eRqtV6980cOpPu-IWFbu1MO52T7Qx8GGgLYOc7jddYtkMm9H5nxoZPD9E0saPqo4UrhkO41J4VaPl2QX1E21TU6EyPsp01uZZ21us5IIiJFQtge/s1600/1961.6.86+%2528After+Treatment%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1183" data-original-width="1600" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZhumb40FFcP7nrPXcnlfHKD7TXhRI9eRqtV6980cOpPu-IWFbu1MO52T7Qx8GGgLYOc7jddYtkMm9H5nxoZPD9E0saPqo4UrhkO41J4VaPl2QX1E21TU6EyPsp01uZZ21us5IIiJFQtge/s320/1961.6.86+%2528After+Treatment%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The plant fibre sample before (above) and after (below) conservation treatment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Redisplaying the Drawers</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another exciting aspect of this project has allowed for the development of a technique which allows custom-made Plastazote trays to be created. The new object layouts are photographed, and outlines produced in Adobe Illustrator, before being programmed into the museum’s laser cutter. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHv2Ohhlem_l0NNmyJ-vaKjVY1G0asJf7oaELGw-ac0SD2LkvbWA3NI8Z_Ez81Z0l3onEtoNcmv2mNwj38TcB7XMZaAkrxJuO91gcaZq5NmjntWLIsUh6RYESSwlN4Wpt-Ul7_VT6JkPn/s1600/IMG_3929.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1340" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHv2Ohhlem_l0NNmyJ-vaKjVY1G0asJf7oaELGw-ac0SD2LkvbWA3NI8Z_Ez81Z0l3onEtoNcmv2mNwj38TcB7XMZaAkrxJuO91gcaZq5NmjntWLIsUh6RYESSwlN4Wpt-Ul7_VT6JkPn/s320/IMG_3929.JPG" width="267" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Preparing the Plastazote foam for laser cutting</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The result? A foam tray that can be neatly slotted into the drawer. With a cushioning barrier now surrounding each object, a much safer and more attractive display has been achieved.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To date, 56 drawers have been totally transformed. And a huge 2061 individual objects have been processed! So, once we are able to return to the museum why not have a look in our drawers? You never know what you might discover . . . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh201Ib1WeLh90bXZNc0TSZYQqnYla4XEjvgmapOR0gavIy8cqO0ZQYvuzmWtRmplNYQ0HDVyrHVijqi1xqGeBcvhgchb8Gx-jiarje08IioU8NfisV2FELQMGQ5XwkA-K4IM0wmMAen9Gf/s1600/C.26.5+%2528After%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1451" data-original-width="1600" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh201Ib1WeLh90bXZNc0TSZYQqnYla4XEjvgmapOR0gavIy8cqO0ZQYvuzmWtRmplNYQ0HDVyrHVijqi1xqGeBcvhgchb8Gx-jiarje08IioU8NfisV2FELQMGQ5XwkA-K4IM0wmMAen9Gf/s320/C.26.5+%2528After%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT3DHlt70zc2FbBb4wF-Z1OgyBzT4s6hwKGNf7U7_n03MYcjQ7fLs0c5H_QpQdYHDOo48YOcDqHZPKMXcL8LZGrvEs4SOrPrOdos9fEAkjAVM9-QmPta0nFLE2wpFfK5pcltWiJLSH2fny/s1600/C.27.1+%2528After%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1426" data-original-width="1600" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT3DHlt70zc2FbBb4wF-Z1OgyBzT4s6hwKGNf7U7_n03MYcjQ7fLs0c5H_QpQdYHDOo48YOcDqHZPKMXcL8LZGrvEs4SOrPrOdos9fEAkjAVM9-QmPta0nFLE2wpFfK5pcltWiJLSH2fny/s320/C.27.1+%2528After%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The transformed drawer layouts</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Interested in following this project? The conservation department post regular updates about the ‘What’s in our Drawers?’ project and many other intriguing finds through their Instagram account. Just search for</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">@pittriversmuseumconservation</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rebecca Plumbe (conservation intern) and Faye Belsey (Deputy Head of Collections)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-67121321596537637982020-04-06T08:17:00.002-07:002020-04-06T08:18:04.239-07:00An Egg at Easter<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikIsAVqh3-wlwwBj5YQOehX-Cual0RwE0YBC4nVk5hpb2f2Bvuo3QZhvGyUClPeZ2qRDOB4Dc8VWiFdRGY2n4lTSz0UPdwgow0ZIhmwLBCdxDsDrZU9gOCpVt2CUN27yrp5Ufog3J3QQIO/s1600/IMG_6446.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikIsAVqh3-wlwwBj5YQOehX-Cual0RwE0YBC4nVk5hpb2f2Bvuo3QZhvGyUClPeZ2qRDOB4Dc8VWiFdRGY2n4lTSz0UPdwgow0ZIhmwLBCdxDsDrZU9gOCpVt2CUN27yrp5Ufog3J3QQIO/s400/IMG_6446.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In 1971 the book </span><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Egg-Easter-Folklore-Study/dp/071006845X" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">‘An Egg at Easter’</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> was published. It was the result of years of research and collecting by the folklorist </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/95996376866/posts/we-have-just-learned-of-the-death-of-our-former-president-dr-venetia-newall-vene/10154434409846867/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Venetia Newall</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> who won the </span><a href="https://www.afsnet.org/page/Chicago" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chicago Folklore prize</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> for it. It is a wonderful volume detailing the traditions and meanings behind decorating eggs. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> has a significant collection of decorated eggs, mostly from Eastern Europe and a selection can be seen on display in the Lower Gallery. We were able to add to the collection of decorated Easter eggs in 2019 when John Newall, Venetia's husband contacted the Museum offering to donate Venetia’s collection to the Pitt Rivers Museum. Venetia Newall sadly died in 2017 but lived an interesting life. She researched and wrote on <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Encyclopaedia-Witchcraft-Magic-Venetia-Newall/dp/060033077X">witchcraft</a> and magic, folklore of <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Discovering-Folklore-Beasts-Venetia-Newall/dp/085263126X/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=venetia+newall&qid=1585922094&s=books&sr=1-1">birds and beasts</a> and travelled extensively across Europe, America and Asia. In 1981 she founded the <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006929764">International Folklore Review </a>and served as President and Vice President of the <a href="https://folklore-society.com/">Folklore Society of England</a>. Her contributions in this field cannot be underestimated. It is very fitting that her egg collection has found a home at the Pitt Rivers. As well as global collections the Museum has an eclectic holding of objects associated with folklore, magic and ritual. Several prominent figures in the history of the Pitt Rivers Museum served as presidents of the Folklore society including Henry Balfour, first curator of the Museum and Pitt Rivers himself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7jHThiaS_RLNI6UyrBywQwFc8q19QAJAwHx_QeTiXCuz4VwBkPhVh2FMHu_k8xkXHwIpR8Equ2r8Eh5SC0D2AErBhEs3JmaqeYVhTe3q-c7vsO6OKpswkPZHVPY2mZ32OfUgTyvqMeL9G/s1600/IMG_6110.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7jHThiaS_RLNI6UyrBywQwFc8q19QAJAwHx_QeTiXCuz4VwBkPhVh2FMHu_k8xkXHwIpR8Equ2r8Eh5SC0D2AErBhEs3JmaqeYVhTe3q-c7vsO6OKpswkPZHVPY2mZ32OfUgTyvqMeL9G/s320/IMG_6110.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipIF7HRDhrHM0SN8B7qZcnYvNhcMmSG8cd5uzuTF15CKTeNyOohvux2VCs6lLK8YwKIGyQI7wfs2j9UvsMPuQ8LWCzNzI7IKqjBD9sbi7OMawzcw0EKAGR2s0QCttpqOQPyEufbgWiRpRx/s1600/IMG_6074.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="1600" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipIF7HRDhrHM0SN8B7qZcnYvNhcMmSG8cd5uzuTF15CKTeNyOohvux2VCs6lLK8YwKIGyQI7wfs2j9UvsMPuQ8LWCzNzI7IKqjBD9sbi7OMawzcw0EKAGR2s0QCttpqOQPyEufbgWiRpRx/s320/IMG_6074.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On a very hot summer’s day in 2019 we visited John Newall in London to view Venetia’s collection. We entered a sunny room with a cabinet containing many hundreds of eggs. The room also had framed </span><a href="https://sanblas-islands.com/kuna-indians/art/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">molas from the San Blas Islands of Panama</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, and other pieces of art from around the world reflecting Venetia and John’s love of travel and collecting. Some of the eggs had a pungent smell, not all had been blown before being decorated. John recalled to us how Venetia’s egg collection had begun, on a trip to Prague for Easter in 1959:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5kHb-hSSTJDTT-g4g3BTocwJz31NY6ArC0RnFiZoyFJSoYKRccvd6P1OeHyYKUEDH6RiOh7LlokpqRLhmT4mKXC0Vm1odcaYMbjG0ha9aBVhPeifsfoz0EQhCiT7_oi1kqJBgxxV_7f7-/s1600/IMG_6447.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5kHb-hSSTJDTT-g4g3BTocwJz31NY6ArC0RnFiZoyFJSoYKRccvd6P1OeHyYKUEDH6RiOh7LlokpqRLhmT4mKXC0Vm1odcaYMbjG0ha9aBVhPeifsfoz0EQhCiT7_oi1kqJBgxxV_7f7-/s320/IMG_6447.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">“…To our amazement, the two women shown in the photo were confidently offering decorated eggs for sale in Wenceslas Square, right in the middle of the city. That was during the still ultra hard-line period, when private trade was absolutely not on. Anyway, we bought a few of their beautifully hand-decorated eggs, and that was the start of Venetia’s collection.”</i><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Eggs have a long tradition of being decorated. They symbolise life, renewal and rebirth both in pagan times and for many Christians particularly during Easter. After having abstained from eating sweets and treats for lent children often indulge in chocolate eggs as a reward and chicken and duck eggs often featured during Easter feasts, though not so much today. Traditionally hard boiled eggs were dyed bright colours and used in Easter games such as <a href="https://blog.lakeland.co.uk/let-the-good-times-roll/">egg rolling</a>. In Christianity the rolling of the eggs down a hill symbolises the rolling away of the stones from Christ's tomb associated with his resurrection. The eggs in Venetia's collection show various methods of decoration. Traditional Ukrainian eggs were decorated using batik (wax resist) technique and included Christian designs: churches, crosses and fish for example and pagan designs representing symbols of fertility and creation: ears of wheat, tree of life, emblems of the sun. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The British Museum</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> have also acquired some of Venetia Newall’s vast collection. Some of the more interesting eggs were made by diaspora groups living away from home such as those made by the German wife of a Ukrainian living in the UK and those made by a Slovakian Czech from New York.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUkE2Xt9xTu38Q3U_W-2a-R_0Ph-871j_cxZ3y0INC58iOjGFRhyYQs7Kyd-B1kJWkuMwPYJKi_6USvQewK3tYL7iI7hPAL08oJKTu89cy97IHfAgz9-1047KYUOQIbrdCNHT92BQf1yfM/s1600/IMG_6112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUkE2Xt9xTu38Q3U_W-2a-R_0Ph-871j_cxZ3y0INC58iOjGFRhyYQs7Kyd-B1kJWkuMwPYJKi_6USvQewK3tYL7iI7hPAL08oJKTu89cy97IHfAgz9-1047KYUOQIbrdCNHT92BQf1yfM/s320/IMG_6112.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioUIfptah1zwyqC8G6pUGq5Dfi4uFL-uo0w4Ixvggzsw-rPb4n-CUgQcUaTCQLJHekjxflleWdXEGimBjND18f09dKELtKt0sNLkuKus87G7xwJWgN3vjxBC36EPYtJyno84409qlHuoV7/s1600/IMG_6121.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioUIfptah1zwyqC8G6pUGq5Dfi4uFL-uo0w4Ixvggzsw-rPb4n-CUgQcUaTCQLJHekjxflleWdXEGimBjND18f09dKELtKt0sNLkuKus87G7xwJWgN3vjxBC36EPYtJyno84409qlHuoV7/s320/IMG_6121.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We have yet to have accessioned and catalogued the eggs we have acquired but look forward to doing so soon. Venetia Newall was an inspiring figure, and as well as having a passion for collecting and researching folklore traditions she cared very much for human rights and was a member of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfenden_report" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Wolfenden Society</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, where she helped to facilitate reform of laws regarding LBGT rights in the UK. It really is a great honour for the Museum to have become custodian of the fantastic collection of decorated eggs she had got so much enjoyment from.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinFVMO49tPycmXw4IK0gj3gvyP_1yoXHi6GjP_mEyAtFr_u1lU0xt3VCuS5BkRM8TYJPyMcTfbTDDYz7vEz108evw1Qa0eRNalbNiOl3z3Prq7DfRldVEXwk-yFJ-6-Jft5EJ3eggLx8TJ/s1600/IMG_6098.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinFVMO49tPycmXw4IK0gj3gvyP_1yoXHi6GjP_mEyAtFr_u1lU0xt3VCuS5BkRM8TYJPyMcTfbTDDYz7vEz108evw1Qa0eRNalbNiOl3z3Prq7DfRldVEXwk-yFJ-6-Jft5EJ3eggLx8TJ/s320/IMG_6098.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Rkc22QEs-UptTK7l1brR5bGI5svC7fBWBTj8aspTtJwf64lfnwNMURv7vl6Gocjm570CIYHoJfOPq7dObChRe1lPw48rHfyXFb_cCh6gbn7gGOO4-Ls-KN63uR3vaPlK_6SPopjgq6Wu/s1600/IMG_6080.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1557" data-original-width="1600" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Rkc22QEs-UptTK7l1brR5bGI5svC7fBWBTj8aspTtJwf64lfnwNMURv7vl6Gocjm570CIYHoJfOPq7dObChRe1lPw48rHfyXFb_cCh6gbn7gGOO4-Ls-KN63uR3vaPlK_6SPopjgq6Wu/s320/IMG_6080.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Faye Belsey</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Deputy head of Collections</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-13418560644749120142020-03-30T05:49:00.002-07:002020-03-30T07:43:18.593-07:00One of my favourite objects: A Bridal Headdress from Palestine<div class="paragraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">In the Body Arts section of the Lower Gallery of the Museum, a Pales</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US">t</span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US">in</span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US">ian bridal headdress</span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (<a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID27364.html">1952.5.86</a>)</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">is to be found. It is one of my</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: transparent;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US">favourite </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">objects in</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">the museum.</span></span></span></span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLCGknX2Vg7kM68u7dNqIRjLFqKLXo87hnH7Kr3KbUsX-6bE5THVgyVTaUBw596-tEhxtcwlDiJBPJhBIMDkWQpgsaChSPiof_Te9h9TaBmOxPcbr4IDzjkD0lcIgYykdFrmxW3QnEUJL3/s1600/PRM000054314.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="282" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLCGknX2Vg7kM68u7dNqIRjLFqKLXo87hnH7Kr3KbUsX-6bE5THVgyVTaUBw596-tEhxtcwlDiJBPJhBIMDkWQpgsaChSPiof_Te9h9TaBmOxPcbr4IDzjkD0lcIgYykdFrmxW3QnEUJL3/s320/PRM000054314.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
<div class="paragraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{178}" paraid="1753906988" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">The headdress is from Bethlehem,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> it is </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">made from</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">cotton and lavishly decorated </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">with 1600 silver and gold modern and ancient coins</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">attached to it. It was presented to the bride’s family as a gift</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">from the family of the bridegroom.</span></span></span></span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"> The headdress was collected by Charles Warren in 1870 when he was working in Palestine and donated to the Museum in 1952. Shelagh Weir suggests that the headdress may have been made around 1845 due to t</span></span>he presence of a large number of coins milled in 1844.</span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{178}" paraid="1753906988" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{192}" paraid="2020415751" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">The headdress was and still is an emblem of the wealth and social</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">status of the bridegroom’s family</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">within rural society in Palestine. The headdress</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">usually has either silver or gold coins</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">, so the headdress displayed in the museum is untypical</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">because it contains both.</span></span></span></span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{192}" paraid="2020415751" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">It is worn on the head and the bride also wears</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">a long black</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">embroidered</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">dress</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">as well as a black embr</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">oi</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">dered</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">headdress</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">(a Palestinian bridal headdress is to be found</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">in the textile section of the museum).</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">The embroidered patterns stit</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">c</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">hed on the dress</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">as well as on the headdress belong to the area</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">where the</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">bridegroom’s family</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">live.</span></span></span></span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{206}" paraid="1209464181" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">After the religious ceremony has commenced o</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">n the agreed wedding day, the bridegroom’s family visits the brid</span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;">e’s family to take the bride to her new home. The tradition is</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">gradually fading away as more people from the country move towards the city</span></span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">where the wedding traditions are different.</span></span></span></span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="eop"> </span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{244}" paraid="338991024" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US">George</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: transparent;"></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US">Kwaider</span></span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span class="eop"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" paraeid="{45d89606-259b-4c1e-bd58-d22b1b7b5562}{244}" paraid="338991024" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="eop"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="paragraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="eop"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gallery Attendant </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-88538097319364868232020-02-19T06:07:00.001-08:002020-02-19T06:07:08.352-08:00Resurrections and Resonances- the stories of the Nun’s Book<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">During my time at the Pitt Rivers
I had the opportunity to work with a range of amazing objects from across the
collection. My day might range from accessioning Palaeolithic stone tools, to
photographing Ecuadorian terracotta votives, to trying to piece together letter
fragments from the 19<sup>th</sup> century found in an ancient Peruvian pot. However,
of all these objects and their associated histories, one that struck me the
most came in an unlikely form- a 17<sup>th</sup> century manual on loop
braiding, the so-called ‘Nun’s Book’ (2008.67.1). What had begun as a routine
exercise in cross-referencing the database, unfolded into a compelling tale of
the resurrection of a lost art form and its associated lives. These lives
subsequently challenge our preconceptions of historical intimacy and
relationships, while also offering an interesting test case in how we might
locate ordinary ‘queer’ lives in history. Ultimately, the book attests to the
unexpected power and insight that seemingly mundane objects can hold, a tenet
that holds true of the museum’s collection as a whole.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-pIGbaTiCeoEV-bJxkScBNQBQ0z-d6hw5JGUq0WzuRbbGbtfv-sKEh25vZFj8Ta55Pf2hwsTHdq9Fo50fSd7-r2AVWBI1F2iv5cWPvHCHYYTJNukE_QnQWnq5QaoT4_sodNnxLqhZnzL3/s1600/Fig.+2+-+detail+of+a+braid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-pIGbaTiCeoEV-bJxkScBNQBQ0z-d6hw5JGUq0WzuRbbGbtfv-sKEh25vZFj8Ta55Pf2hwsTHdq9Fo50fSd7-r2AVWBI1F2iv5cWPvHCHYYTJNukE_QnQWnq5QaoT4_sodNnxLqhZnzL3/s320/Fig.+2+-+detail+of+a+braid.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Detail of braid included in 'Nun's book'</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Below: Page from Nun's book 2008.67.1</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92YC99_XOMMwwXYTdhVdBoar0rNrqsY6o_0_5ND_wbOkeVnCvrfmUYdTblUHmj-bqt8dwhVCJ8ykjJOA_dOhh3L49YwDXyaaL1RVffZ7UQ-s13dUGhoTbhJBEgA2R0DQhVG47EABM6BeR/s1600/Fig.1+-+a+page+from+the+Nun%2527s+book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92YC99_XOMMwwXYTdhVdBoar0rNrqsY6o_0_5ND_wbOkeVnCvrfmUYdTblUHmj-bqt8dwhVCJ8ykjJOA_dOhh3L49YwDXyaaL1RVffZ7UQ-s13dUGhoTbhJBEgA2R0DQhVG47EABM6BeR/s320/Fig.1+-+a+page+from+the+Nun%2527s+book.jpg" width="240" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Loop braiding or fingerloop
braiding is the name given to a number of techniques where loops of thread,
attached to a central point, are hooked around fingers and interlaced in
different ways to create braids. This technique was common in Europe through
the Medieval and the beginning of the Early Modern period, but the craft
appears to have fallen into obscurity from the 17<sup>th</sup> century onwards.
Historical examples of such braids are rare due to the degrading of the
textiles through the centuries but a number of manuscripts survive with ‘patterns’
for such braids. The Nun’s Book is one such pattern-book, notable for having
surviving examples of braids (figs. 1 & 2)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>but the book becomes truly unique when you consider the type of
braids it contains, letter-braids. These are braids with letters and messages
woven into them of which very few examples remain. The technique of creating
such braids was all but lost until the pioneering research and analysis of
<a href="http://braidershand.com/european-loop-braiding-part-ii-instructions-for-letter-braids/">Naomi Speiser and Joy Boutrup</a>.
While the Nun’s Book is a pattern book the instructions contained within are
incredibly opaque to a modern reader, a series of baffling tables seemingly
impenetrable even by <a href="https://loopbraider.com/letter-braids-of-the-17th-century/">experts</a>.
However, through in depth analysis of the surviving braids and experimentation,
the technique has been cracked, resurrected after more than 200 years and along
with it an intriguing <a href="https://loopbraider.com/2014/09/25/solo-nuns-letterbraid/">glimpse</a> into their original creators and the braids’
potential purposes.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In Appendix I of Speiser &
Boutrup (2009) is a list, straightforwardly titled ‘Texts for Letter Braids’,
suggestions found within The Nun’s Book and other manuscripts of messages
people could weave into their braids. What I found within this list was
strange, surprising, and touching. The majority of the texts were deeply
affectionate messages directed towards the wearer-</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deare friend I’le do my best Indeaver- To
knit your affection unto me forever</i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">No greater portion would I crave- Then
whilst I live your Love to have</i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Take it and wear and think withal- My Love
is great though gift be small</i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Though far a parte- Yet neare in hearte </i></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Moreover, we find similar
messages suggested in other letter braid manuscripts suggesting that this is
not simply a peculiarity of The Nun’s Book but an intended characteristic in
the creation of these braids-</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">My Love in this: Presented is<span style="color: black;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 107%;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These suggest the braids were
intended as gifts between close friends or lovers, a memento while the other
was absent. A touching piece of history, but the story becomes more intriguing
when we realise these were most likely primarily exchanged between women, an
interpretation Speiser suggests in her work which is also apparent in some of
the suggested messages-</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heare May you see in Letters few- The Love
of <u>her</u> that honoreth you</i></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Another aspect worth noting is
the emphasis some place on concealment of affection, a notion that the two
cannot freely express themselves-</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I love you well but <u>dare not show it</u>-
<u>Doe you the like</u> but let me know it</i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Love I owe <u>I cannot showe</u></i></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><br /></u></i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The question then becomes- what
was the nature of these relationships? Can we see these as expressing romantic
love between two women? Or do these instead show different standards of expressing
affection than modern normative conceptions? Are they both? While the lives of
the women who created and exchanged these braids are lost and we cannot speak
in certainties these grant us a tantalising glimpse into expressions of
intimacy between ordinary women of the 17<sup>th</sup> century. Even without
these certainties, it certainly serves as a potential challenge to our
preconceptions of this historical period, while also providing us examples of
how and where we might locate ‘queer’ lives in history. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alex Grindley</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Collections Intern</span></span><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<style>@font-face {
font-family: "Cambria Math";
}@font-face {
font-family: Calibri;
}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; }span.MsoEndnoteReference { vertical-align: super; }p.MsoEndnoteText, li.MsoEndnoteText, div.MsoEndnoteText { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; }a:link, span.MsoHyperlink { color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline; }a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed { color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline; }span.EndnoteTextChar { }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; }.MsoPapDefault { margin-bottom: 8pt; line-height: 107%; }div.WordSection1 { }</style>Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-78628938291625332562020-01-15T07:44:00.001-08:002020-01-15T07:45:25.810-08:00Interning with the Pitt Rivers Collections Department <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Last summer I spent five weeks interning with the Pitt Rivers Museum’s (PRM) Collections department, this was an invaluable experience for me as a student looking to pursue a career in the museum sector. The internship taught me a lot; both in practical skills and about working in museums in general. I am very grateful for the opportunity, and for the Santander award funding I received through the <a href="https://www.careers.ox.ac.uk/about-our-internships/">Oxford University Internship Programme</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For the duration of my internship I was shadowing Faye Belsey and Nicholas Crowe in their day-to-day work. They, the whole Collections team, and everyone working at the Pitt Rivers were incredibly welcoming, friendly, and always eager to answer any questions that I had. I got to engage with so many different tasks, ranging from photographing La Madeline stone tools, to collecting objects from museums cases, to researching objects. Here I will just summarise a few tasks I undertook.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over the course of my internship I assisted with two research visits, one from a curator of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_State_Museum">Sarawak Museum</a>, and one from a <a href="https://www.mataahocollective.com/about/">Maori art collective</a>. These were very interesting experiences as they allowed me to engage hands on with material and learn more about the objects from people who really understood the context of the objects. Assisting with the Maori research visit was definitely a highlight of my time at the PRM. The objects the artists were exploring were mostly cloaks, but there were also woven bags, a piece of bark cloth, a <a href="http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/huia">Huia bird</a> skin, and a tuatara knife. These artists explored the collection with excitement and passion, able to analyse every woven stitch to uncover how the object was made. Before beginning their research, a statement was made and their hands were washed, with some of the artists being moved to tears. This was incredible to see as it really contextualised the objects as belonging to a present cultural group, not some past peoples, as is so often expected of early collected ethnographic material. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For the Sarawak research visit the objects were: two tobacco boxes, two shirts, four jackets, one hat. Of particular interest to the researcher was the <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID141768.html">hat</a> (sera’ong). The this type of bamboo hat offers a protective power to a woman and child when worn. It offers protection from the sun, and from snakes and head hunters in the area outside the longhouse. The researcher had come across the hat on the PRM Online Database and thought there was a possibility it may have once been in the collections of the Sarawak Museum. It was a very exciting moment when, through handling the object, the Sarawak Museum Accession Number was uncovered, confirming the researcher’s theory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTvNNPM0VtdLKg8LpfYuTk6Vm_kJUGzPukO-nQGTkfyVBUa63R5T5o6ykiwFuZP6YZutIQztTr9r-_ibihrSgsftumJb2EA2U0ZvF285RXDFaKrVNy0uNMejttmRfxQ_zly8lyH8CDAQit/s1600/PRM0001883345540.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1140" data-original-width="1200" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTvNNPM0VtdLKg8LpfYuTk6Vm_kJUGzPukO-nQGTkfyVBUa63R5T5o6ykiwFuZP6YZutIQztTr9r-_ibihrSgsftumJb2EA2U0ZvF285RXDFaKrVNy0uNMejttmRfxQ_zly8lyH8CDAQit/s320/PRM0001883345540.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ2FMzTSWVY4VysQ3Q89IwyS1JzyEKc_M73IL7bXGRSfkc77was-5M3d7E_tiTB9q7-siR5mC5lh5NVITeYh4B2MdQ404B8uqQtExfW72NsoUFNWwENRnphSYzCcb2fo2v-BpNuchl-pR6/s1600/PRM0001883335540.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ2FMzTSWVY4VysQ3Q89IwyS1JzyEKc_M73IL7bXGRSfkc77was-5M3d7E_tiTB9q7-siR5mC5lh5NVITeYh4B2MdQ404B8uqQtExfW72NsoUFNWwENRnphSYzCcb2fo2v-BpNuchl-pR6/s320/PRM0001883335540.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hat and inside of hat, 1923.86.102 </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">. © Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFO0TcwkNkRwtwdMf0pqpzM2wYBfMtDL4vzb5fpMDl8cFoYRQ3EZkCfkNEo0jsrXMaBHHCPwhU1h4PdB5iOYwAVkfJieSEHN-_9KG41weIqV6z3AY_VH7WxB9dM1jY64X7nEIxmyaDikze/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFO0TcwkNkRwtwdMf0pqpzM2wYBfMtDL4vzb5fpMDl8cFoYRQ3EZkCfkNEo0jsrXMaBHHCPwhU1h4PdB5iOYwAVkfJieSEHN-_9KG41weIqV6z3AY_VH7WxB9dM1jY64X7nEIxmyaDikze/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kesang Ball, London 2018. © Nyema Droma and Pitt Rivers Museum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6065650051677872301" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At
a later date, I helped with the transcribing of subtitles for the video
of interviews shot by <a href="https://www.nyemadroma.com/about">Nyema Droma</a> during her photoshoots. It was
particularly interesting to see how different people held conflicting
opinions on the basis of identity, such as how much of it is symbolised
by local dress. For example,</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Tsewang Gonpo</span><span lang="ZH-CN">stated,</span><i><span lang="EN-US">“I think Tibetans should wear traditional costume more often as</span><span lang="EN-US"> wearing a Tibetan outfit shows your Tibetan identity</span></i><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.” </i>Whereas</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Tsering Yata believes,<i> </i></span><i><span lang="ZH-CN">“</span><span lang="EN-US">My Tibetan identity is not about what I am wearing.”</span> </i></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During my internship, the largest piece of independent research I undertook was the documentation of the <a href="https://www.lionsroar.com/john-stapleton-driver-dies-one-of-first-westerners-to-receive-teachings-from-tibetan-lamas-in-exile/">John Driver</a> acquisition. This was a collection of eighteen items donated to the museum after the passing of linguist John Driver. The objects were a selection of items from Driver’s time in Tibet, and were all textile based. I greatly enjoyed handling the textiles and trying to uncover their function and relation to other objects. One piece that was particularly exciting to analyse was the mask (2018.220.1) </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVjZFLcchMwurDlc6_MlBrU7V15N4dm03aD26fmqDYQmiA68kPayWj3FSJOPcCol9Q2FRI_1cJzYSf81i7O8Jn6HHV4lNNkypOXgYKZ555mixLgqIftBOPLUKMhtt4CSc8G9tVegHWzZTJ/s1600/PRM0002025285540.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="834" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVjZFLcchMwurDlc6_MlBrU7V15N4dm03aD26fmqDYQmiA68kPayWj3FSJOPcCol9Q2FRI_1cJzYSf81i7O8Jn6HHV4lNNkypOXgYKZ555mixLgqIftBOPLUKMhtt4CSc8G9tVegHWzZTJ/s320/PRM0002025285540.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mask, 2018.220.1</span> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">© Pitt Rivers Museum</span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Through searching online I discovered that this particular style of mask is a soft-shaped mask, of the hard quality type. It was made using paperboard as a roughcast and then cloth and animal skin are stuck on, with holes cut out for the eyes and mouth. This type of mask is seen primarily in folk operas, dancing performances, singing, and story-telling. They are basic and unsophisticated, displaying a strong influence of Tibetan folk art and the characteristics of the primitive art of masks. After researching the objects, I updated their information on the database, sewed on their labels and photographed them. It was incredibly rewarding being able to work with a group of objects from start to finish as I got to see first-hand the amount of work that goes into acquisitioning an object.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Both these research activities involved getting to grips with the Objects PRM Database. This was initially a difficult piece of software for me to navigate, but with time I got the hang of things and could confidently update information and search for objects. Near the end of my internship I attended a meeting centred on understanding how the database is used across the museum, and the functions that must be obtained when the software is updated. This was really interesting as I was able to learn how the database was used across the different departments; from collections, to conservation, and education.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One very exciting job I was lucky enough to assist with was the hanging of the<a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/performing-tibetan-identities-photographic-portraits-nyema-droma-"> Performing Tibetan Identities</a> exhibition, photographed by <a href="https://www.nyemadroma.com/about">Nyema Droma</a>. It was fantastic to see the amount of work different departments do to both plan for and install an exhibition, and wonderful to see that a year of work had culminated in such a great result. The end result was stunning and conceptually interesting, with the installation boldly filling the empty space above the cabinets in the Great Court, producing the aesthetic of contemporary western art whilst echoing the form of strings of traditional Tibetan prayer flags.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This focus on the importance of traditional dress in identity making was particularly interesting to me having worked with the Tibetan textiles from the John Driver acquisition. Some of the pieces I researched were exquisitely made, and it would have been interesting to have discussed with their makers how they felt the pieces were reflective of Tibetan identity in the same way Nyema has asked contemporary Tibetans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another key task I performed during my internship was working at the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/move">off-site store</a>. The OPS project has meant that all the material stored at the off-site store needed to be audited and packed to be moved. I arrived in the last few weeks of this project and assisted with the packaging of spears and identifying objects that had been found unnumbered.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The spears I was packing were mostly Australian or Asian, but there were also spears from all across the world. The variety was extraordinary, ranging from a sharpened stick to those that were ornately decorated, such as spears from Nagaland, North East India. Great caution had to be taken while packing so as not to damage the object, but also to avoid causing injury to myself or others around me. The approach was to consider all objects likely to be poisoned, which I had discussed with the Conservation department beforehand, and I was made aware of the safety precautions that ought to be taken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The found unnumbered objects (FUs) are objects that had been found in the packing of the collections without an accession number on them. I worked with Joanna Cole to try and match these objects to database entries, and where it was not possible we endeavoured to describe the object and its possible use in as much detail as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This experience has definitely affirmed my desire to work in the museum sector. Being able to engage with the different tasks of research visits, independent database work, exhibition planning, and collections management/organisation has definitely encouraged me to pursue work in a Collections team specifically. I have had an amazing experience interning at the Pitt Rivers, and am incredibly grateful to Nico and Faye for all their help, and I would certainly recommend the internship to others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Catherine O’Brien</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-47691107376300029772018-10-19T04:10:00.003-07:002018-10-19T04:10:45.022-07:00Gold-weights as cryptography: the memetics of Asante proverbs<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proverbs are an integral part of Asante Twi (the <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/aka">dialect of Akan</a> native to the Asante people. Each proverb represents a moral tenant, and many reference a pantheon of characters from local folklore. In effect, <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/online_research_catalogues/agw/african_gold-weights/gold-weights_and_proverbs.aspx">proverbs are a kind of shorthand</a> through which such abstract concepts such as mortality, sorcery, gender, experience, and duty can be invoked in just a few words.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Passed down over uncountable generations, many proverbs are so esoteric that they are unintelligible to those unfamiliar with the folklore they reference. As Sir Hugh Clifford writes in his preface to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sutherland_Rattray">R. S. Rattray</a>’s translation of <i><a href="https://ia600201.us.archive.org/24/items/ashantiproverbst00rattuoft/ashantiproverbst00rattuoft.pdf">Asante Proverbs: the Primitive Ethics of a Savage People</a></i>, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">‘Many of the aphorisms will <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">be found </span>to be somewhat cryptic, and it is rather daunting <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">to find </span>the curt dictum that<span style="position: relative; top: -2pt;">“</span>When a fool is told a proverb, <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">the meaning </span>of it has to be explained to him<span style="position: relative; top: -2pt;">.” </span>If this <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">which is </span>apparently axiomatic to the Tshi-speaking native <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">of West </span>Africa—be applied <span style="position: relative; top: 1pt;">to </span>the student of Mr. Rattray's <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">book, few </span>of us, it is to be feared, will escape conviction of <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">folly.’ <w:sdt citation="t" id="770521831"><span lang="EN-US">(Rattray, 1918)</span></w:sdt><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In an era when ‘the Primitive Ethics of a Savage People’<i></i>was considered an appropriate subtitle for this scholarly volume, wholesale condemnation of Asante morality based on the above discrepancy seems inevitable. Yet—to his credit, given the colonial zeitgeist in which he was writing—Clifford cautions the reader that the purpose of anthropology is to understand different cultures’ perspectives, not to pass value judgements on them:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">‘Both [theories of wisdom], I think, should whet our curiosity, and neither should excite our derision. Our task is to endeavour to understand the <span style="position: relative; top: -1pt;">workings </span>of the minds by which these sayings have been evolved and of the minds which have adopted them as expressions of the collective experience of a people [emphasis added]’ <w:sdt citation="t" id="-1388025687"><span lang="EN-US">(Rattray, 1918)</span></w:sdt>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here, Clifford recognises that Asante proverbs comprise not a mere library of witticisms, but they are also manifestations of wisdom accrued over generations, and which continue to evolve to suit the present and future needs of their people. The fluidity of proverbs makes it especially difficult for outsiders unfamiliar with the society’s current events to understand their meanings. This effect is most starkly apparent in the number of proverbs that concern strangers, one of which directly references the inability (or possibly, unwillingness) of Europeans to understand Asante culture: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ohoho ani akese-akese, nanso enhu man mu asem, na nea ode kurow aniwa ukete-ukete na oho mu asem [diacritical marks omitted].<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A stranger may have big big eyes, but he does not see into what is going on among the people he is among, whereas the town's man, with little little eyes, he knows all the town's affairs <w:sdt citation="t" id="-1712653013"><span lang="EN-US">(Rattray, 1918)</span></w:sdt>.<o:p></o:p></span></i><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Just as proverbs permeate the Asante oral tradition, so too does proverbial imagery feature prominently in their material culture. Whilst interning in Object Collections sections at the Pitt Rivers Museum, I had the opportunity and resources to learn about the museum’s collection of Asante artefacts, some of which are on display in the Lower Gallery. The PRM houses dozens of <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/online_research_catalogues/agw/african_gold-weights/origins_and_history.aspx">Asante gold-weights</a>, many of which were carefully created to artistically represent the wisdom of the ancestral proverbs and folklore so central to Asante culture. Upon reading about the history of these gold-weights, the cultural significance of the imagery depicted through them became abundantly clear.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1GP-ee6CCl9MIsNZ7rAlQpwi53m6zecju5EaLW6DnX1T66woPcLO3J1uQ7xAl7a3odgi004pb3opsAJ0T4yy8U-5iDti63y1bDq-xU5vuv2vnWDuWKBjNFF109QJ8c_-q5F2AKBrDwl5o/s1600/gold+weight+group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1046" data-original-width="1600" height="417" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1GP-ee6CCl9MIsNZ7rAlQpwi53m6zecju5EaLW6DnX1T66woPcLO3J1uQ7xAl7a3odgi004pb3opsAJ0T4yy8U-5iDti63y1bDq-xU5vuv2vnWDuWKBjNFF109QJ8c_-q5F2AKBrDwl5o/s640/gold+weight+group.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Intricately detailed and carefully curated, these hollow brass figures were cast by pouring molten metal into fired clay moulds. Once cooled, the figures were used as counterweights when measuring gold dust as payment in commercial transactions. Much like the weights used by miners in the California Gold Rush, the Asante weights were precision tools, and they were carefully calibrated to function in Ghana’s then entirely <a href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/asante-gold/">gold-based economy.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The process of moulding, casting, calibrating, and perfecting the finished product was so complex that only skilled metalworkers could produce the weights; thus, they were considered precious and powerful commodities. Like other African blacksmithing traditions, <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/metalworking.html">Asante metalworking</a> was a mysterious and potentially dangerous process akin to sorcery. Blacksmiths were respected and feared, forges were located outside the village grounds, and many rituals and taboos had to be observed to appease the spirits during smelting. The Asante people’s choice to use such a mysterious and powerful material for the quotidian task of measuring indicates that—despite their utilitarianism—the weights were not considered mere tools, but important expressions of Asante culture and heritage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The power inherent in the metal that comprises the weights is augmented by the forms that they take. The weights generally fall into one of two categories: geometric and figural. Geometric weights can take the shape of pyramids, cubes, spheres, discs, and any number of polygons, and they are often decorated with ornamental, Islamic-style motifs. Figural weights, in contrast, represent objects, animals, and people significant in Asante culture, especially those featuring in the multitude of Asante proverbs. It is these figural weights which we shall primarily examine as examples of folkloric encryption.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As Asante children mature, they learn the meanings of more and more proverbs from their elders, eventually becoming fully culturally-literate by the time they themselves are elders. An outsider, however, would have no way of learning the meanings of proverbs except by being taught, which requires first gaining the people’s trust. Thereby, Asante morality is both self-perpetuating (it is passed down through generations) and self-preserving (it cannot be learned except by those fully intrenched in Asante society, and thus cannot be easily altered by external intervention). Both of these features are important mechanisms in ensuring that the people’s wisdom is suitably protected, a useful asset in information security.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As well as protecting the integrity of the proverbs themselves, the inheritance of Asante wisdom also strengthens the structure of Asante society macroscopically. Firstly, the act of passing down folkloric knowledge from one generation to the next fortifies the Asante tradition of ancestor worship: the proverbs grant the ancestors immortality through memory. Moreover, the system through which elders bequeath wisdom to their juniors ensures that the most experienced—and thus most qualified—members of society have the most control over its affairs, a system which (theoretically) ensures greater political and economic stability. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gold-weights such as those in the PRM’s collection not only ensure fairness in commercial transactions (as is their intended purpose), but lend physical form to otherwise abstract facets of morality. Their materiality is at once mystical and terrestrial, encrypted and apparent. They are tactile, multisensory reminders that ethics are as real and necessary parts of the world as any physical object. They are cultural codes, decipherable only by those who understand their cultural context and who appreciate their power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Though it is doubtful that <a href="http://cogweb.ucla.edu/Discourse/Proverbs/Ashanti.html">Asante proverbs</a> would have been intentionally devised as mechanisms for transmitting secrets securely, further research is required to determine to what extent this phenomenon was intentionally exploited in a wider context, if indeed it was at all. I do not attempt to attribute authorial intent where there is none, but rather to suggest the possibility that cryptography today can reach beyond the scope of its modern applications in cybersecurity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Though the information transmitted by exchange of these proverbs cannot be extracted in plaintext—as in conventional examples of cryptography—their meaning transcends the boundaries of language, encapsulating the visceral, emotional, uniquely human experience collected over innumerable generations of wisdom. That, I suggest, is the message encrypted not only in Asante culture, but in the wider spirit of human creativity as well. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Miranda Loughry</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PRM intern summer 2018</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-43783058252378515242018-09-07T02:18:00.001-07:002018-09-07T02:18:58.022-07:00Stones and Skirts: Interning at the Pitt Rivers Museum<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I remember the first time I went to a museum in primary school, on a fieldtrip. I had been interested in history even then, and seeing history manifest itself in material objects, all in one place, blew my little mind. As I grew older, my interest in history and the cultures and peoples of the past continued to develop, and ultimately, after gaining a Bachelor’s in Anthropology and Sociology, I decided to pursue a Master’s in Archaeology at Oxford University. It was stressful and very difficult at times, but whenever I needed a break to rekindle my love for my studies, I would go and roam around the various museums of Oxford, and the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> (PRM) quickly became one of my favourites, as it combined my love of both anthropology and archaeological material culture. When I heard that the PRM was offering a summer internship, I knew that I had to apply.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEior1dCp7WlRhSn1zQoRGpdKAkn0bX80eYG6Ke7TaxuShJOOfdqX0WPAyhfjWQnrViNLGzs1VeKTPbGVjU4R2RK9lALh0WqRSKG4YNT7Ic4N-AJ9pDCyql1-ho1W8F62JP97ecb0Y8vuErW/s1600/Interior-2013-WEB-600x267.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEior1dCp7WlRhSn1zQoRGpdKAkn0bX80eYG6Ke7TaxuShJOOfdqX0WPAyhfjWQnrViNLGzs1VeKTPbGVjU4R2RK9lALh0WqRSKG4YNT7Ic4N-AJ9pDCyql1-ho1W8F62JP97ecb0Y8vuErW/s1600/Interior-2013-WEB-600x267.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Interior view of the Pitt Rivers Museum <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I applied to the paid five-week internship at the Pitt Rivers, funded by the Santander Award, through the <a href="http://www.careers.ox.ac.uk/about-our-internships/">Oxford University Internship Programme</a> (OUIP), which allows students of the University of Oxford to apply to a large variety of internships both in the UK and abroad. I, along with another intern who is to begin after I finish, were selected for the Collections Internship at the Pitt Rivers. I was both excited and intimidated, and the feeling has not diminished even after the 5 weeks that I have spent here.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I performed a wide variety of tasks at the PRM, as the internship was meant to give me an idea of the various types of jobs and roles which are available in museum work; from shadowing Faye Belsey and Nicholas Crowe (my two supervisors) as they went about their various daily tasks (working on displays, meeting researchers, moving objects from various stores to the museum, etc.), learning how to catalogue objects into the museum’s database and doing research for future exhibitions, to spending afternoons with various museum staff to learn about their projects and going with them to collect new acquisitions, this internship gave me a taster of the various types of jobs that are available in the museum sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In my first few weeks, I spent a lot of time shadowing different people, and looking at the projects which they were working on. I spent an afternoon looking at the journals and writings of <span style="color: #1a1a1a;"><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/manuscripts/makeretipapers.html">Makereti Papakura</a></span>, a Maori noblewoman, guide and ethnographer; she was the first Maori ethnographer, and one of the first to focus on women in the Maori culture. Her writings gave me a fascinating insight into both her life, and the culture and traditions of a people I knew very little about. I spent another afternoon looking through photographs donated by a British photographer of his travels, primarily through Asia and Africa, places which look significantly different than they did 70 years ago, with the pictures serving as archives of rapidly changing landscapes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">One day a week, I helped the team at the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/move">Museum store</a>; a large amount of the Pitt Rivers collection is stored there and is in the process of being catalogued, packed and relocated. Most of my days there I spent packing objects (mostly spears and amulets), in awe of the creative and vastly different designs human beings employ for the same objects. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I also spent a large amount of time cataloguing and recording stone tools from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohri">Rohri</a>, Pakistan. Some of the tools had not been previously recorded, and the experience of learning how the cataloguing system worked, how to record information about the stone tools and going through accession books trying to match the tools to their correct accession numbers, was extremely informative. Furthermore, the stone tools came from an area about 70 miles from <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/archaeology/mohenjo-daro/">Mohenjo-Daro</a>, one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and an area of the world which holds a special place in my heart, as I am from Pakistan, and my research interests lie there as well. To be able to handle, record and engage with these tools in such a manner, and to be able to learn more about lithic analysis while doing so (something which I knew very little about), remains one of the highlights of my internship.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT7y8Jt9ROjyD6sq13l3xwg_vLXk5VjFrC6o7hnRj0roNED7-ruHiV9MFjxmoppMkzjKOr1RUt-j_D9b9CR-DuHdGvoHeHpKK4ysS2XmWR6-wm8kAILaqSHyuX2wUPqjXQ9pAy-x-R0ivp/s1600/P1000074.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1140" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT7y8Jt9ROjyD6sq13l3xwg_vLXk5VjFrC6o7hnRj0roNED7-ruHiV9MFjxmoppMkzjKOr1RUt-j_D9b9CR-DuHdGvoHeHpKK4ysS2XmWR6-wm8kAILaqSHyuX2wUPqjXQ9pAy-x-R0ivp/s400/P1000074.JPG" width="285" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsF-MiDMUQVowFJmvPQwuuOr5hY-BvMkEq03fXBoCwZd_lbP9DudEZktJgQdYV1wbjIJhJIy8JZyTyzRyO_xKXuU6SN0D36WLzbPXtNLZvm59nu-QZ7OpoE4GvbApw5e12a69b-97y4Ns7/s1600/P1000075.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1036" data-original-width="1600" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsF-MiDMUQVowFJmvPQwuuOr5hY-BvMkEq03fXBoCwZd_lbP9DudEZktJgQdYV1wbjIJhJIy8JZyTyzRyO_xKXuU6SN0D36WLzbPXtNLZvm59nu-QZ7OpoE4GvbApw5e12a69b-97y4Ns7/s400/P1000075.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Original catalogues with drawings of stone tools <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Alongside cataloguing the stone tools, one of the most interesting tasks which I performed was looking up information on two <a href="https://pittrivers-object.blogspot.com/2017/06/new-acquisition-iraqw-skirt.html">Iraqw skirts</a> which the museum is to put on display soon. The skirts are examples of some of the most elaborately decorated textiles in East Africa, and were made by girls during the </span><i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">Marmo </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">initiation ritual, where girls were taken away by elder women and secluded for up to a year. During this time, the girls were fed foods which were rich in fat and resulted in obesity, the area around their mouths was blackened with charcoal, animal oil was applied to their skin to make them shine, their bodies were scented with perfume obtained from a tree, they were taught folk songs and word games as well as sexual manners and were allowed to embroider their leather capes with beads of their own designs, making them into the skirts to be displayed. The girls would also be circumcised during this time. The ritual was thought to purify the girls, so that when they emerged from their seclusion, wearing their skirts and being highly adorned, they were thought to be reborn with a new innocence and dignity. Even though the ritual was banned in 1930, it is speculated that it was still carried out in secret. The skirts were absolutely stunning, and looking up information about them, and as a result, information about the Iraqw people and the </span><i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">marmo </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">ritual, gave me insight into a part of the world and a people which I knew very little about. </span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibg2I0N52wa5EUWzMCxHb0PftB1i3_UO6QxKLEQoAe3bBm_uVeHkiEvaLvvH1urQN7qCJ_euG_t4xa4wL90vabaqpXHxl4EMbuPJEVHDkVsvLAwRftydc6yXocjgi0Bf7OLyc7Ky579NnW/s1600/1940.7.0114-2017.139.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1518" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibg2I0N52wa5EUWzMCxHb0PftB1i3_UO6QxKLEQoAe3bBm_uVeHkiEvaLvvH1urQN7qCJ_euG_t4xa4wL90vabaqpXHxl4EMbuPJEVHDkVsvLAwRftydc6yXocjgi0Bf7OLyc7Ky579NnW/s400/1940.7.0114-2017.139.1.jpg" width="378" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Iraqw skirts <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID11762.html">1940.7.0114</a> and <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID245741.html">2017.139.1</a><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Aside from gaining valuable work experience and being able to look at various objects through the lens of a (albeit temporary) museum employee rather than just a visitor, one of the best things about my internship was also the people whom I worked with. Both Faye and Nicholas were incredibly kind, friendly, involved, and genuinely interested in what I wanted my internship experience to be like, and then tailoring it to my needs and interests. Everybody else in the museum was also genuinely passionate about their work, and were always more than happy to talk to me about it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I believe that this internship has not only given me a fantastic job experience, but has also rekindled my passion for working in the museum industry, and for all of these things, I am grateful. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Hadiqa Khan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-7246398772196233782018-07-30T07:25:00.001-07:002018-07-30T07:25:03.789-07:00Textiles from the Arab World: A dress from Palestine<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPd-8B8ACf34DJOBW2cLLJdQuK-BBbLIU8VLmhyphenhyphenfOF9pZZoKliMi2j5YXva9-j1bPQWQXOoVTJZwIGBcOs7Av4TFoil5nGMjed62hvprt_lIik7xJYR75PhcK6gke6PpWPXRH7DhF9bIc/s1600/20183719_front_view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1071" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPd-8B8ACf34DJOBW2cLLJdQuK-BBbLIU8VLmhyphenhyphenfOF9pZZoKliMi2j5YXva9-j1bPQWQXOoVTJZwIGBcOs7Av4TFoil5nGMjed62hvprt_lIik7xJYR75PhcK6gke6PpWPXRH7DhF9bIc/s320/20183719_front_view.jpg" width="214" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I am working on the </span><a href="https://www.esmeefairbairn.org.uk/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esmée Fairbairn</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">-funded </span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/multaka-oxford">Multaka-Oxford</a> </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">project. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the Collections Officer, part of my role is cataloguing a recent offer of textiles collected from across the Middle-East and North Africa, which the museum is in the process of acquiring. Costume and textile collections are some of my favourite to work with, particularly because how we dress can say so much about us. As such, costume and textile objects will be a great jumping off point for discussions with our volunteers and participants.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lately I’ve been working on textiles that were collected from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_(region)">Palestine</a>, like this beautifully embroidered dress:</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4Go5omkMYSEPGKpLrA4wfSfplVAUkJ1uZ_pCAx-HJwNXVVlddRTPG9ud_QATLek4hTlUb1FDi3BaYTGrxuVmJo62SO2xZsHoo2QQ6bZymNvcS_Cr6kyEemqrSTLLoJJm79PRfjRSKLvc/s1600/20183719_back_view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1264" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4Go5omkMYSEPGKpLrA4wfSfplVAUkJ1uZ_pCAx-HJwNXVVlddRTPG9ud_QATLek4hTlUb1FDi3BaYTGrxuVmJo62SO2xZsHoo2QQ6bZymNvcS_Cr6kyEemqrSTLLoJJm79PRfjRSKLvc/s320/20183719_back_view.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">This </span><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=traditional+dress+(th%C5%8Db)palestine&client=safari&rls=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3n4KDopzcAhVH1hQKHYoxA8c4ChD8BQgKKAE&biw=1327&bih=899" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">traditional dress (<i>thōb</i>)</a><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;"> is probably from either </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">Ramallah</a><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;"> or </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">Bethlehem</a><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;"> and likely made around the 1920s-30s. It is made from hand woven natural linen and decorated with distinctive red silk embroidery. The silk would likely have been imported from Syria. The dress shows many of the features of traditional Palestinian costume, including the rich colour of the threads and the square chest panel (</span><i style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">Qabbah</i><span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">) with embroidered motifs. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm7ZsbgxIib1EbNjiSwmuJKR4LIzsKSpRQG9pSeaVGFRTfjm-IfJUVv8Ud8tpdDH97XHB1KdSxdHCrJMCfEWpfutXJkkJSL8uzsh2hop7AfyKGWsXoIsKTsoipAVBNg1wZhjxhLeXUtbiv/s1600/20183719_chest_panel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm7ZsbgxIib1EbNjiSwmuJKR4LIzsKSpRQG9pSeaVGFRTfjm-IfJUVv8Ud8tpdDH97XHB1KdSxdHCrJMCfEWpfutXJkkJSL8uzsh2hop7AfyKGWsXoIsKTsoipAVBNg1wZhjxhLeXUtbiv/s320/20183719_chest_panel.jpg" width="302" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">The embroidery on the dress is mainly in cross-stitch and couching, and features beautiful geometric, floral and foliate patterns. Such motifs and how they are laid out is significant in traditional Palestinian embroidery, saying a great deal about who made it and where it was from. Creating embroidered dress was (and is) traditionally an art carried out by Palestinian women, passed down through families, and the particular patterns are deeply tired to identity. Specific motifs may speak to family, age, social status or location - even down to a particular village!</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This dress features motifs such as ‘feathers’:<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPhGfDqE-P0ttInVEaWRe_aT9VFvclXQ35OybjdDdv0sONskFz4KBmZBwvW8CFhD8k8als7ED5096Br9Ec0kVdKXqbFFwYcq3bsk_l6OoaNPAJr0YqIjc_WHqe7_9k1eZLetJZPGbTDdr/s1600/20183719_feathers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="317" data-original-width="1600" height="63" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPhGfDqE-P0ttInVEaWRe_aT9VFvclXQ35OybjdDdv0sONskFz4KBmZBwvW8CFhD8k8als7ED5096Br9Ec0kVdKXqbFFwYcq3bsk_l6OoaNPAJr0YqIjc_WHqe7_9k1eZLetJZPGbTDdr/s320/20183719_feathers.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">‘Moon of Bethlehem’ (or possibly ‘Moon of Ramallah’):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgCYQDRvVXk_k37j2LP6CgtzikHruicNwn6VyOm8GdPiM8kkAdWE0uTAXiBvo0US37eK9bfm36y5ltSwVwtkNZyA1CIsDl3heDKpNftiIQksNeDFhEZ15E-dkyC-XXBTSWntVZiNvFvvqx/s1600/20183719_moonmotif.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="943" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgCYQDRvVXk_k37j2LP6CgtzikHruicNwn6VyOm8GdPiM8kkAdWE0uTAXiBvo0US37eK9bfm36y5ltSwVwtkNZyA1CIsDl3heDKpNftiIQksNeDFhEZ15E-dkyC-XXBTSWntVZiNvFvvqx/s320/20183719_moonmotif.jpg" width="188" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
The weave of the linen on this dress is quite open, which makes it easier to produce counted thread embroidery, such as cross-stitch.</div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFx7rEs2FoO0bJ3gX8wEpz6zNj3295Ks9Em2OHI8IP6bua2uBP_p1p88k8pUFyRSEuKqtiWWWKM9afgk_PWo1GfxleUGuNjNUMZTinXz5sHApE5DI74Mkh2vTOlkySGPijYoRN-y3RYnBA/s1600/20183719_sleeve_detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1083" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFx7rEs2FoO0bJ3gX8wEpz6zNj3295Ks9Em2OHI8IP6bua2uBP_p1p88k8pUFyRSEuKqtiWWWKM9afgk_PWo1GfxleUGuNjNUMZTinXz5sHApE5DI74Mkh2vTOlkySGPijYoRN-y3RYnBA/s320/20183719_sleeve_detail.jpg" width="216" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
I love being able to see the smaller details, such as the reverse of the embroidery and the clearly hand-finished hems. As someone who sews, knits and embroiders in my spare time, the care, skill and patience involved in producing a dress like this is inspiring. There is so much to look at and think about!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Abigael Flack<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Collections Officer<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-53836635184976806072018-06-05T07:15:00.001-07:002018-06-06T02:39:26.993-07:00Exploring the Economic Botany Collection at Kew Botanic Gardens<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4UoKH9I_5BQlS6w427nvaHbnv1oAW502N8z1Urb1HRkWr_thWXaq1hiZx9o0v9RBWBfbO-Ndfj9L_DVU4rAZmRDHmPFRYBrqp0J-0CPmiOMXU0a_73n9dn8SiAvIOBFdreNMifFA9Pame/s1600/IMG_1136.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4UoKH9I_5BQlS6w427nvaHbnv1oAW502N8z1Urb1HRkWr_thWXaq1hiZx9o0v9RBWBfbO-Ndfj9L_DVU4rAZmRDHmPFRYBrqp0J-0CPmiOMXU0a_73n9dn8SiAvIOBFdreNMifFA9Pame/s400/IMG_1136.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The newly refurbished and opened Temperate House at Kew<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">On Friday 11th</span><sup style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </sup><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">May I was invited to attend a workshop on ‘Economic Botany in the UK’ at the </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> With large thanks to Kew’s first Director, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jackson_Hooker" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sir William Jackson Hooker </a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kew Gardens holds a substantial collection of material classed as ‘economic botany’ a term which is unfamiliar to most. Economic botany is the study of useful plants. Such collections combine raw specimens with cultural artefacts which the raw material has been crafted into, combining natural history specimens with cultural ‘ethnographic’ objects, often referred to as ‘biocultural’ collections. </span></div>
<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmtVv155_QPUKVN6ftW3KHcRpe_c5SRhPhdHxBN4XgoPXP5XUJlj8kBdSAnFkEx1kBoxpJ-tqnWQlzPXdTZ-TzaMD6ETT8L5NEixxn2n2dYLzjodQ9ayOc1dHGVyZ8BygXTbheoEhJVVu5/s1600/PPCONT_014628.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="700" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmtVv155_QPUKVN6ftW3KHcRpe_c5SRhPhdHxBN4XgoPXP5XUJlj8kBdSAnFkEx1kBoxpJ-tqnWQlzPXdTZ-TzaMD6ETT8L5NEixxn2n2dYLzjodQ9ayOc1dHGVyZ8BygXTbheoEhJVVu5/s400/PPCONT_014628.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kew's economic botany collection as displayed to the public as a Museum in 1847. The Museum closed in the 1950s.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At the height of Empire such collections were amassed and displayed in dedicated museums and galleries during the Victoria era to demonstrate the successes of Imperial expansion, global trade and exploration (which can be translated as exploitation of natural resources in the colonies by the British Empire and underpinned negative legacies of Empire such as colonisation and slavery). </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As part of a three-year <a href="https://ahrc.ukri.org/funding/">AHRC</a> funded project <i>‘<a href="https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/geography/research/mobile-museum/home.aspx?">The Mobile Museum</a>’</i> will examine the circulation of objects into and out of Kew Museum between 1847 and 1987. The <a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/archived-blogs/reliving-kew%E2%80%99s-museum-economic-botany">Museum of Economic Botany at Kew</a> was originally established by Hooker in 1847 to house <i>‘all kinds of useful and curious Vegetable products’ </i>However, in the 1980’s the Museum buildings closed, the displays were disbanded and the<a href="https://www.kew.org/science/collections/economic-botany-collection"> Economic Botany collection</a> moved to a purpose-built research store. Today, the collection, numbering some 100,000 items is a key resource. Throughout its history the entry and exit books provide clear evidence of the Museum as an important centre of knowledge exchange between other institutions, with a large number of exchanges and transfers from Kew to Museums in the UK and overseas, of which the Pitt Rivers Museum was one recipient. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQXp3YQN8uALoMZkGB2UEwt2ERWFYVqiYUZD7_niBKjroaUHCcMwfw0e2DPH7k-Sk7kRGJ9xUut0GuMnAxCZGRtcL2k2JfZhh-jZn5Bh-_XuW3p-TtzIz7GIvBxoQWKE0UZRwhAdLDQMaN/s1600/warrington_gallery+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="1466" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQXp3YQN8uALoMZkGB2UEwt2ERWFYVqiYUZD7_niBKjroaUHCcMwfw0e2DPH7k-Sk7kRGJ9xUut0GuMnAxCZGRtcL2k2JfZhh-jZn5Bh-_XuW3p-TtzIz7GIvBxoQWKE0UZRwhAdLDQMaN/s400/warrington_gallery+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Warrington Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The workshop visited the project at its half way stage whereby lots of data about the collection has been gathered and the team are now looking more at data analysis, interpretation and education. We heard of a concurrent project looking at one of Kew’s eminent donor’s, </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/kew-science/mobilising-richard-spruce%E2%80%99s-19th-century-amazon-legacy" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Richard Spruce</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, an English botanist who spent many years collecting specimens from the </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/science/collections/economic-botany-collection/explore-the-collection/richard-spruce-amazonia" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Amazon rainforest.</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The theme of duplicates ran through the day with Spruce amassing a great number of specimens with the endless distribution of duplicates to Museum collections back in the UK evident in collection histories. Presentations from </span><a href="http://www.museum.manchester.ac.uk/collection/plants/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Manchester Museum</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><a href="http://www.warringtonmuseum.co.uk/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Warrington Museum</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, and </span><a href="https://www.glasgowlife.org.uk/museums" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Glasgow Museums</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> followed, all institutions having significant botany collections and having benefited from the various redistributing of economic botany objects from Kew, which have largely been split between botany and ethnographic collections for curation and display today. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I was struck by the similarities of Warrington Museum with the </span><a href="http://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Pitt Rivers Museum</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> with its galleried layout and wall cases. The </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/kew-science/botanical-wonders-in-warrington" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">botany gallery at Warrington</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> displays material by use and purpose such as ‘the plant as dye’. For a long time, the botany gallery served as a vocational gallery for the local population highlighting that many local industries such tanning, weaving and chemical manufacture depends on plants. We heard how at Glasgow, of the thousands of specimens that were transferred from Kew, only a handful are known to survive today and no raw materials, only the end products of economic botany. Collections care, conservation, limitations of record keeping and changes in classification could explain the unaccounted-for material. However, of the material accounted for the most cohesive outcome of the economic botany collections to have come from Kew are the bark cloth including important samples of Hawaiian and Tahitian bark cloth from the voyage of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1819)" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>HMS Blonde</i></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> accompanied by naturalist </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bloxam" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Bloxam</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> in 1824 and</span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> </i><a href="https://www.academia.edu/29980100/ASSEMBLING_OBJECT_HISTORIES_Exploring_Prince_Alfreds_Collection_of_Barkcloth" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>HMS Galatea</i> in 1867-1869</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> commanded by </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Prince Alfred</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, Duke of Edinburgh, Queen Victoria’s second son. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5cI6rzgDn9bmxfQ6gixpBFjAmD-iY4FQtuPo8zy2999uj41jkLp5TbB8lePgVEdgX8x-byqDtej7d52CrAqY5OR2z03RxO8bfgCU_k_tHIdPsDEo7JzcNTWg0OiHGUkW1INtCp__8VKkx/s1600/WARDIAN+CASE+ECON+BOT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="416" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5cI6rzgDn9bmxfQ6gixpBFjAmD-iY4FQtuPo8zy2999uj41jkLp5TbB8lePgVEdgX8x-byqDtej7d52CrAqY5OR2z03RxO8bfgCU_k_tHIdPsDEo7JzcNTWg0OiHGUkW1INtCp__8VKkx/s400/WARDIAN+CASE+ECON+BOT.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wardian case in the collections at Kew</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A tasty lunch the Orangery at Kew, a building which once exhibited the wood samples of the economic botany collections was followed by a fascinating tour of the economic botany collection as it is stored today led by Mark </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/science/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/people/mark-nesbitt" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesbitt </a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and </span><a href="https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/caroline-cornish(a3c9179f-3367-4d10-920b-7f7919a39e03).html" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Caroline Cornish</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. At the stores we were able to view the </span><a href="https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/geography/documents/pdf/mobile-museum/wp2-fv.pdf?" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">entry and exit books kept by Kew</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, the exit book being of particular interest as the project is focusing on dispersal as much as acquisition, unusual in collections research where it is more common to give greater weight to how, when and why the object was acquired rather than its afterlife should it leave the Museum, which we are learning from this project can be just as colourful and interesting. Also brought to our attention at the store was a ‘</span><a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/library-art-and-archives/wardian-case-history-plant-transportation-0" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Wardian case</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">’ invented by </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bagshaw_Ward" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. The Wardian case proved an ideal way to transport plant specimens from the colonies aboard ship as the wooden framed glass case provided the most suitable micro climate for plants to survive in. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIoZMA8LyjOvman8YmrxzhnQzXPsqk2RkdPppWquuSVRyVO8J1VLurz_XWqPFtiX-_-lpDKVdSoDDetotD2hsu3Mk-yVEyNSft4cr9rBIQ9qvgMs_OZYA2KV68ATnB4BKFXet6rpidh7Xr/s1600/IMG_1126.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIoZMA8LyjOvman8YmrxzhnQzXPsqk2RkdPppWquuSVRyVO8J1VLurz_XWqPFtiX-_-lpDKVdSoDDetotD2hsu3Mk-yVEyNSft4cr9rBIQ9qvgMs_OZYA2KV68ATnB4BKFXet6rpidh7Xr/s400/IMG_1126.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Walking sticks manufactured by Henry Howell & Co. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We were also walked down aisles of wood specimens including a sample of </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Acacia dealbata </i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">which formed part of the </span><a href="http://www.commodityhistories.org/research/tasmanian-timbers" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Tasmanian Timber Trophy</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, a defining feature of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862_International_Exhibition" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">1862 London International Exhibition.</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I found most interesting a collection of walking sticks acquired from manufacturer </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/library-art-and-archives/from-walking-sticks-to-the-yz-collection-a-brief-history-of-henry" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Henry Howell & Co</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. The relationship between Howell & Co and Kew proved mutually beneficial as Howell donated hundreds of walking sticks, both the final product and the ‘blank’ for each wood. Kew were able to advise on the durability and suitability of the particular wood specimen for purpose. Of course there were items which one would expect to find in an economic botany/ethnographic collection today such as </span><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/2000/08/08/stories/0408223y.htm" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">temple models carved from pith</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> and samples of </span><a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/archived-blogs/trail-lace-bark-tree-jamaica" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">lace bark</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> which one curator observed had been catalogued as </span><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Plate-IV-from-Hookers-Journal-of-Botany-and-Kew-Garden-Miscellany-ii-1850-showing_fig1_258028401" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">‘dusters’ </a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in her collection due to the natural shape. We were also shown an incredible bark cloth poncho called a </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/kew-science/unpacking-tapa-science-and-culture-pacific-barkcloth">tiputa</a></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> from Tahiti which had been carefully conserved by conservator Misa Tamura during the project </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://tapa.gla.ac.uk/">‘Situating Pacific barkcloth in time and place’ </a></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We have similar </span><a href="http://pittrivers-object.blogspot.com/2015/06/conservation-of-19th-century-tahitian.html" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">tiputa in the collections of the Pitt Rivers Museum</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. </span><o:p style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></o:p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.199999809265137px;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.199999809265137px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6q_5oBQe8SOgLymhhafrFlydeglmI9FFX6tP5j-Bh-GWJKIJHti4rpUO0GzDxwFL9awHGxcVAulhf0FR0z9k6pSKgzuwMcgSXc7s0VRp0pZ1pYVfBuGDsyArdKf98RBTyCc8tVh8pxwJx/s1600/IMG_1128.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6q_5oBQe8SOgLymhhafrFlydeglmI9FFX6tP5j-Bh-GWJKIJHti4rpUO0GzDxwFL9awHGxcVAulhf0FR0z9k6pSKgzuwMcgSXc7s0VRp0pZ1pYVfBuGDsyArdKf98RBTyCc8tVh8pxwJx/s400/IMG_1128.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tiputa from Tahiti in the Kew collection</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The final presentation of the day came from Caroline Cornish and Iban textile expert </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1719509.Traude_Gavin">Traude Gavin</a>.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Traude visited the Pitt Rivers in 2017 to investigate further the complex history of a very old <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID23838.html">Iban cloth</a> in the collections. Traude and Caroline’s talk looked more at the <a href="https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/geography/documents/pdf/mobile-museum/wp2-fv.pdf?">provenance</a> of the cloth and how it came to be at the Pitt Rivers, another example of the complex exchange networks taking place in 19th-century collecting of botanical, natural history and ethnographic specimens and artefacts. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The cloth has a complex history. It found its way to the Pitt Rivers Museum in 1886 having been transferred from the <a href="http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/sma/index.php/primary-documents/primary-documents-index/382-transfer-from-oumnh-to-ashmolean-1886.html">Ashmolean Museum</a>. However, it would appear that the textile was originally one of thirteen cloths considered of duplicate value to have been sent from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sarawak">Sarawak</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brooke">Sir James Brooke</a>, the first Rajah of Sarawak. Brooke sent the cloths to his friend, scientist and botanist William Hooker, first director of Kew Gardens. The cloth was sent by Brooke with commercial enterprise in mind, Brooke was interested in opportunities for economic development in Sarawak and the cloth demonstrated that it was possible that natural cotton used in textile manufacture could be grown in a region of Borneo effectively under British rule and ripe for exploitation. Hooker decided to keep one of the thirteen cloths for Kew and sent a number of them to his friend at the <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/">British Museum</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Wollaston_Franks">Augustus Wollaston Franks</a>. Franks, in turn was trustee of the <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=40853">Christy collection</a> along with Hooker’s son and predecessor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker">Joseph Hooker.</a> The Henry Christy collection formed the basis of the <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/africa,_oceania,_americas/history_of_the_collection.aspx">ethnographic collection</a> of the British Museum. In 1869 the textile destined for the PRM was included as part of an exchange with the Ashmolean Museum which in turn was sent in 1886 to the Pitt Rivers Museum just as the Museum opened to the public. Since then the cloth has been studied by researchers and information about the cloth has been accumulated and added to the <a href="http://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/databases">Museum database</a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmQixhCRSuJFEuqGiKIv9xODcPrQuLRCaPdODyIEKD1e0uEw8GvFy2khpfAEdC_ZLTlfru7be2W_kE7h9Y2s-o1qVEylOybYLimF7etjYlM9uPAeMuufXmePtZDhphQUYd0kSgtqcXNp2I/s1600/textile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="806" data-original-width="1600" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmQixhCRSuJFEuqGiKIv9xODcPrQuLRCaPdODyIEKD1e0uEw8GvFy2khpfAEdC_ZLTlfru7be2W_kE7h9Y2s-o1qVEylOybYLimF7etjYlM9uPAeMuufXmePtZDhphQUYd0kSgtqcXNp2I/s640/textile.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Iban textile at the Pitt Rivers Museum; <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID23838.html">1886.1.259</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This particular case study acts to illustrate the concept of the ‘duplicate’ and the network of exchange between institutions driven by individuals in place during the 19th<sup> </sup>century. The project team hope to discover more about the dispersed collections from Kew including the items that eventually came to the Pitt Rivers Museum so do follow the projects progress via the <a href="https://www.kew.org/science/projects/mobile-museum-economic-botany-in-circulation">Mobile Museum website</a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Faye Belsey</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Deputy Head of Collections</span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-7658003256834044812018-01-18T02:24:00.004-08:002018-01-18T02:24:53.216-08:00What is the Specific Moment that makes thinking about the Colonial possible?<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidIF-1MkMdYNblU1S43hl_RF8kdas5wekCxzzrgC0mUuBPd-jaBy8ziVxGjWAo_Z3gb-zlRKJ14ksYw1RPmwHc0CnGHuSuaA2BX63ZTwQDUtZ2LVO2BzqMPwJwA6mq6heWzGCZqOchDy7C/s1600/IMG_0446.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidIF-1MkMdYNblU1S43hl_RF8kdas5wekCxzzrgC0mUuBPd-jaBy8ziVxGjWAo_Z3gb-zlRKJ14ksYw1RPmwHc0CnGHuSuaA2BX63ZTwQDUtZ2LVO2BzqMPwJwA6mq6heWzGCZqOchDy7C/s400/IMG_0446.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">With
funding from the Friends of the Pitt Rivers </span><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/friends_KKfund.html" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Kenneth Kirkwood Memorial Fund</a><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> I
was able to travel to the </span><a href="http://www.materialculture.nl/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Research Centre for Material Culture</a><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> at the </span><a href="http://asemus.museum/museum/museum-volkenkunde/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">NationalMuseum of World Cultures, Leiden</a><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">, to attend the conference</span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://materialculture.nl/en/events/reckoning-with-history"> ‘Reckoning with History: Colonial Pasts, Museum Futures and DoingJustice in the Present’.</a> </i><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The conference brought together academics,
curators, artists and Museum professionals from all over the world. It was led
by the charismatic </span><a href="http://materialculture.nl/en/wayne-modest" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Professor Wayne Modest</a><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">. Early in the proceedings Prof.
Modest asked </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">“what is this specific
moment? What is the conjuncture? What is at stake now that makes it possible to
speak about these changes? What is the specific moment that makes thinking
about the colonial possible?” </i><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">He indicated that this was a new era for
Museums and a changing mood has begun to encompass Museum thinking. In recent
years what was formally a taboo subject, colonialism, has become a buzz word
and everyone is keen to jump on the band wagon. But why is this and what does
it mean to confront our chequered colonial pasts? Indeed a question that we
hope to tackle at the next </span><a href="http://www.museumethnographersgroup.org.uk/en/conference/422-2018-conference-decolonising-the-museum-in-practice.html" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Museum Ethnographers Group Conference</a><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> hosted at the
</span><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Pitt Rivers Museum</a><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> in April later this year. 2017 was an interesting year on mainland
Europe where a number of Museums engaged in redisplay, redevelopment and
exhibition programmes exposing and laying bare colonial genealogies. The
conference offered the possibility to critique this approach and analyse public
reaction to such explicit reckonings with the colonial past. I feel that this
approach to Museum practice both internally and more publicly has been absent
in Museums in the UK. One reason for attending this conference was to be able
to think more about how we confront the colonial past through the collections
at the Pitt Rivers Museum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However as <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/26/the-guardian-view-on-the-colonial-past-a-german-lesson-for-britain">The Guardian observed in an editorial </a>commending Germany’s effort to face up to its colonial legacy
through the exhibition <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://www.dhm.de/en/ausstellungen/archive/2016/german-colonialism/the-exhibition.html">‘German Colonialism: Fragments Past and Present’</a></i> symbolically held at the <a href="https://www.dhm.de/en.html">German Historical Museum</a> in Berlin, Britain would struggle to do the same. As the
editorial goes on to point out as much as we ignore it, the colonial past is
still present today, as a nation we have a habit of making rosy our troubled
past and choosing to remember all that supposedly made Britain ‘Great’ We are
also very fragmented as Brexit made clear and lack any shared view of our
historical past and for that matter our political future. This would make any
effort to confront and narrate the complex and difficult truths regarding our
colonial legacies difficult to do. Yes, these reasons alone are not adequate
excuses to continue as we are. In fact, arguably Ethnographic Museums are best
placed to address these ‘wrongs’ through reconciliation, justice and truth. As
Modest suggested <i>“The ethnographic museum as a congregation, as a bringing
together, under circumstances of violence, might allow us to give credence to
the multiplicity of different ways of being in the world. The ethnographic
collections might be the place where we really give into the idea that we are
multiple, that we are not the only ones who know, who have laws.” </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Though efforts to do so have proved hard, as
an example given closer to home reflected. Sumaya Kassim, boldly claimed<a href="https://mediadiversified.org/2017/11/15/the-museum-will-not-be-decolonised/"> ‘The Museum will not be decolonised’</a> when describing the challenges faced in trying
to bring context to <a href="http://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/bmag/whats-on/the-past-is-now-birmingham-and-the-british-empire">Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.</a> During the project Kassim
faced many challenges particularly from Museum staff and structures as she
writes <i><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">“</span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black;">Decolonising is deeper than
just being represented. When projects and institutions proclaim a commitment to
‘diversity’, ‘inclusion’ or ‘decoloniality’ we need to attend to these claims
with a critical eye. Decoloniality is a complex set of ideas – it requires
complex processes, space, money, and time, otherwise it runs the risk of becoming
another buzzword, like ‘diversity”. </span></i></span><br />
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidHluWMf9JVdF7uvITEhTsIUoWSfpF2vjmINv5T3RruzzL7OnNnSTmbAeRehfM3oVa9xYybSAtIPDszr1NMg7dz-4DntrKuAmDlHP47XVok4XzsyNQCt0DAyiureU8B5roPR8j-wXMjjAc/s1600/IMG_0451.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1038" data-original-width="1600" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidHluWMf9JVdF7uvITEhTsIUoWSfpF2vjmINv5T3RruzzL7OnNnSTmbAeRehfM3oVa9xYybSAtIPDszr1NMg7dz-4DntrKuAmDlHP47XVok4XzsyNQCt0DAyiureU8B5roPR8j-wXMjjAc/s400/IMG_0451.JPG" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Whether or not the Museum can be
decolonised I believe remains to be seen but any effort to do so should focus
on practice and structures and should be carried out with commitment, a
willingness to change and an investment to do so. <a href="https://www.rajkamalkahlon.com/">Rajkamal Kahlon</a>’s exhibition
‘<a href="http://www.contemporaryand.com/exhibition/rajkamal-kahlon-staying-with-trouble/">Staying with Trouble</a>’ as part of her residency at the <a href="https://www.weltmuseumwien.at/en/">Museum of Ethnology,Vienna</a>, reimagines ethnographic portrait photography redrawing and repainting
the bodies of native subjects inviting visitors to question their own gaze.
Kahlon spoke of her reservations about working with an ethnographic collection
and her fear of her work being employed as an instrument to lessen colonial
guilt. Having just undergone a major redisplay Kahlon was left feeling
uncomfortable with the inclusion in the new displays of a <a href="http://theartnewspaper.com/news/should-museums-display-human-remains-from-other-cultures">trophy head </a>from the
Munduruku people from Brazil. Whilst for most (white) European Museum visitors
this would not cause distress she stressed the trauma associated with such
displays for people of colour and asked </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“What is the work of recovery? What is the work of recuperation? What
does it mean to live with extermination?</i> During an earlier panel, we were
reminded of issues of law, ethics and responsibility. Catherine Lu, associate
professor of political science stated <i>“The project of reconciliation should
not be understood as the same as the project of justice”</i> and whilst repatriation is one act of
decolonising the Museum this act alone does not exclusively make amends for
past wrong doings. Repatriation is a process of reconciliation but arguably the
relationships built whilst negotiating these acts of decolonisation are just as
valuable as the act itself. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoW9CikP0jHcWA-IdBh4oU_BycVX8TaAWj-BGgy5g4sJO5m56YR97fdnIj8LIeF7LCT0hRqG4U43KhRBJ_gKykCyi3lDIPZCR2ZT3g7vNeRtE0fLimucOFNqgEoCR3_j5-CA-pdEU4qfzS/s1600/IMG_0451.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoW9CikP0jHcWA-IdBh4oU_BycVX8TaAWj-BGgy5g4sJO5m56YR97fdnIj8LIeF7LCT0hRqG4U43KhRBJ_gKykCyi3lDIPZCR2ZT3g7vNeRtE0fLimucOFNqgEoCR3_j5-CA-pdEU4qfzS/s1600/IMG_0451.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">There were moments during the two days when I thought the future looked quite bleak, it was even suggested that the only reasonable resolution would be to abolish the Museum and I was left fretting about my curatorial responsibility and indeed my chosen career path. As the last session of the conference dawned the conclusion was reached that perhaps the best we can hope for is to ‘live with the trouble’. But to feel troubled</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">and to be troubled is progress and
perhaps on the horizon lies hope and the ability to imagine new structures and
ways of being for the Ethnographic Museum, one of equally and transparency,
honesty and truth. We have important lessons to earn and much work to do but I
still believe that there is a place for the Museum in the contemporary world.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Faye Belsey <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Assistant Curator</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bibliography:<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘Should museums display human
remains from other cultures?’ The Art Newspaper, Katherine Hickley 8<sup>th</sup>
January 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘Rajkamal Kahlon: Staying with
Trouble’ Museum of Ethnology, Vienna, Austria. 25<sup>th</sup> October 2017 –
31<sup>st</sup> March 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘German Colonialism. Fragments Past
and Present’ German Historical Museum, Berlin, Germany. 14<sup>th</sup> October
2016 – 14<sup>th</sup> May 2017<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘The Guardian view on the colonial
past: a German lesson for Britain. Editorial’ Monday 26<sup>th</sup> December
2016<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘The museum will not be
decolonised’ Media Diversified, Sumaya Kassim 15<sup>th</sup> November 2015</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-34157535346977967902018-01-10T06:34:00.001-08:002018-01-10T06:34:32.888-08:00Loan to the exhibition 'The Fabric of Our Land: Salish Weaving at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, Canada<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiea1NWUGYqDMz3jKHw7mjEzdrGaLPQoUiEtd8DchJ5pu5RS40csuGqMs_wQh72nIM2HFY8LyUDDBepLyMyDxiEH-EjL8t1LoIswZ-RWokoHjVY9i6CNlIfeRxNc0zAWNGnmjXgHqcOSIvT/s1600/IMG_0121.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiea1NWUGYqDMz3jKHw7mjEzdrGaLPQoUiEtd8DchJ5pu5RS40csuGqMs_wQh72nIM2HFY8LyUDDBepLyMyDxiEH-EjL8t1LoIswZ-RWokoHjVY9i6CNlIfeRxNc0zAWNGnmjXgHqcOSIvT/s640/IMG_0121.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Facade of the Museum of Anthropology on the University of British Columbia campus. Designed by Canadian architect Arthur Erickson. The building is set on the cliffs of Point Grey, a location which is the traditional territory of the Musqueam people. <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEgqheRfwhTyCbqgytWeikD2XgvjiCx5LF0fsnSBQGDloinboiKwbRiPtoJNOW7AqNB5Gv9NqwEFs9BEFMdmyeq-_34H7uSiIdN7frFvFb7datZt7HyRo88V1nNLb7JIU7GXuxK-lHKzp9/s1600/IMG_0057.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEgqheRfwhTyCbqgytWeikD2XgvjiCx5LF0fsnSBQGDloinboiKwbRiPtoJNOW7AqNB5Gv9NqwEFs9BEFMdmyeq-_34H7uSiIdN7frFvFb7datZt7HyRo88V1nNLb7JIU7GXuxK-lHKzp9/s640/IMG_0057.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The crate containing the PRM blanket being palletised for transport by Air Canada <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On Monday 13<sup>th</sup> of November I was lucky enough to
travel to Canada with a very special blanket destined for an exhibition at the
<a href="http://moa.ubc.ca/">Museum of Anthropology (MOA)</a> at the University of British Colombia in
Vancouver. This was an amazing opportunity for me having worked closely with
collections held by the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> from the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Northwest-Coast-Indian">North-West Coast First Nation peoples</a> in my nine-year career at the Museum. A highlight of my time at the PRM
to date has been a visit in <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/haidaculture.html">2009 of a delegation</a> of <a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/haida-native-group/">Haida</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_Gwaii">Haida Gwaii</a>
(formally the Queen Charlotte Islands) and whist I was unable to make the epic
three-day journey to Haida Gwaii I was able to visit the <a href="http://www.billreidgallery.ca/">Bill Reid Gallery</a> and
met with a friend I made from that trip whilst in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia">Victoria</a> on Vancouver Island.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Floiv7ELdI5JCxifnqhuBDaATF-w6ZEcyR54f7jK3P957gzI1aXD2KK4W-tERtfvrSVEJSWbYOBUPoqgwNJ_dj5SgLyHk_fKoIgiAr1esB8Lq2MftAYeOnhVinVfKyp-wD7WkBS6wZOY/s1600/IMG_0070.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Floiv7ELdI5JCxifnqhuBDaATF-w6ZEcyR54f7jK3P957gzI1aXD2KK4W-tERtfvrSVEJSWbYOBUPoqgwNJ_dj5SgLyHk_fKoIgiAr1esB8Lq2MftAYeOnhVinVfKyp-wD7WkBS6wZOY/s640/IMG_0070.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Installing the blanket in the exhibition gallery. The blanket was unpacked and condition checked before being carefully placed in the specially design showcase <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">© </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pitt Rivers Museum</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq_m3bo0sgYd-EDtS4Yh4u6jxyzZdc5U-HSkCrqBubfPaGGzMQQprlzXVJstl9Pn5ix5n69VaA1vbWKVL6HtfQ72nQWtHnrW03sWIW1D7-ELs2RByILvqPlZRda2l6n3WzfOMPzHCHWcMP/s1600/IMG_0311.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq_m3bo0sgYd-EDtS4Yh4u6jxyzZdc5U-HSkCrqBubfPaGGzMQQprlzXVJstl9Pn5ix5n69VaA1vbWKVL6HtfQ72nQWtHnrW03sWIW1D7-ELs2RByILvqPlZRda2l6n3WzfOMPzHCHWcMP/s640/IMG_0311.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Contemporary Coast Salish weaving on display alongside the historic pieces <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">© </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pitt Rivers Museum</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVxIWled-rLr0-fn-wkqjpnYchzeYHJczRp61wnALXzsSz3XO_PCR8kgELAUKLoNU60bW9PDbiszOX7ceSDq1W7A6bqyY9BxgEfuqZn2kvVyXsSPQNNRg0AUy69VilTBytjsw8ArXmfrGi/s1600/1884.88.9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="745" data-original-width="1200" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVxIWled-rLr0-fn-wkqjpnYchzeYHJczRp61wnALXzsSz3XO_PCR8kgELAUKLoNU60bW9PDbiszOX7ceSDq1W7A6bqyY9BxgEfuqZn2kvVyXsSPQNNRg0AUy69VilTBytjsw8ArXmfrGi/s640/1884.88.9.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Coast Salish blanket <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID130354.html">1884.88.9</a> </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">The blanket I was couriering is from the <a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coastal-salish/">Coast Salish people</a> of
the North-West Coast of Canada/Northern USA. More specifically from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_Islands">San Juan Islands</a> which sits in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haro_Strait">Haro Strait </a>between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Island">Vancouver Island</a> and the North-West
mainland coast, just south of Vancouver. It is from the Museum’s <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/pittriver.html">founding collection</a> donated to the Museum in 1884 by <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/pitt_rivers.html">General Augustus Henry Lane FoxPitt-Rivers</a> on the formation of the Museum at the <a href="http://www.ox.ac.uk/">University of Oxford</a>. It is
woven from <a href="http://www.historylink.org/File/11243">Coast Salish woolly dog hair</a> and goat hair. The use of dog hair dates the blanket as being
made before 1884 as the native dog whose hair was used in Salish weaving had
died out by 1860. The blanket is one of ten chosen by Salish weavers from the
1800s to be part of the exhibition <i><a href="http://moa.ubc.ca/portfolio_page/salish-weaving/">'The Fabric of Our Land'</a> </i>with others from Scotland, Finland and the
United States. The historical blankets are displayed among contemporary Salish
weavings providing a unique opportunity to compare and contrast the rich
tradition of weaving for the Salish people. The exhibition is curated by <a href="https://anth.ubc.ca/faculty/susan-rowley/">Sue Rowley</a> who kindly had me stay with her whilst I was in Vancouver. Sue worked in
collaboration with the local <a href="http://www.musqueam.bc.ca/">Musqueam people </a>to create the exhibition. Again, I
was fortunate enough to meet some <a href="http://moa.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Sourcebooks-Weavers.pdf">contemporary weavers</a> and be present for the
exhibition opening which had around 900 attendees and included speeches by
Musqueam weavers Wendy John and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra_Sparrow">Debra Sparrow</a>. The blanket will be on display
until 15<sup>th</sup> of April 2018. On returning to bring the blanket back to
Oxford there will be community visits arranged at MOA for weavers and Salish
people to see the blanket up close. This work is crucial for the continuity
of the craft and tradition of Salish weaving and its importance is summed up in
this quote from <a href="http://www.musqueam.bc.ca/councillors/wendy-grant-john">Wendy Grant-John</a> (Musqueam weaver and political leader) <i>‘Touching blankets that are over a hundred
years old creates such a spiritual feeling, an understanding that the skill
you’re reacquiring is the same that our ancestors had’</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">My visit to Canada gave me a glimpse of the importance of
traditional craft and ways of life embedded in objects in European Museum’s far
from their place of origin. Loans to exhibits such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://moa.ubc.ca/portfolio_page/salish-weaving/">‘The Fabric of Our Land’</a> </i>make it possible for First Nations people
to really experience and get close to their ancestors who were involved in the
creation of these special objects. The effect this has on future generations
of, in this case weavers and Salish people is significant, it is vital that we
enable and facilitate such exchanges. There is still much to do in addressing
issues of colonial legacies inherent in ethnographic collections but efforts
like this make small inroads.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The trip also provided me with the chance to learn from
Canadian colleagues about differences and similarities in our curatorial
practice and collections management. I was incredibly fortunate to have this
experience and endeavoured to learn as much as possible from my trip. I was
also lucky enough to spend time in Vancouver and able to visit Vancouver
Island. What really impressed on me during my time in British Columbia was the
amazing landscape, particularly the relationship between land, sea and nature
so rooted in North-West coast iconography, myth and belief. I feel that I
returned to Oxford with a greater understanding of North-West coast culture. It
is clear that MOA as an institution is leading the sector in Canada and indeed
globally for the work they do with indigenous communities particularly artists
and <a href="http://moa.ubc.ca/nyp/">young people</a> and whilst the context is different for European collections
where the objects are far from their home I feel that the physical distance
only gives us greater responsibility to ensure that we make such objects as
accessible as possible to whom these objects truly belong. As part of the
<a href="http://moa.ubc.ca/programs/">public programme</a> for the exhibition Salish weavers and artists will be giving
gallery tours and talks as well as weaving demonstrations. There is even the
chance to have a go at weaving yourself in the gallery should you get the
chance to visit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Faye Belsey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Assistant Curator</span><o:p></o:p></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-26906642650250292072017-12-14T01:59:00.005-08:002017-12-14T01:59:57.951-08:00Celebrating Catterns – lace day at the Pitt River’s Museum
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyeV23UgyUFfzq8f7V04yX7dkz7OHzwFviAvfVxjM91k72M0w3MpZECJIQ0XYE44tHc-RZHQumPFhSf6lboiAxcpOPQXP_cr3edTamGsk0OhfBVNWUCHpNxwWjRwWCOULrtUsdDE6r_vl7/s1600/PRM000026467.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="1200" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyeV23UgyUFfzq8f7V04yX7dkz7OHzwFviAvfVxjM91k72M0w3MpZECJIQ0XYE44tHc-RZHQumPFhSf6lboiAxcpOPQXP_cr3edTamGsk0OhfBVNWUCHpNxwWjRwWCOULrtUsdDE6r_vl7/s320/PRM000026467.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID45711.html">1917.28.20</a> White lace made by Mrs Campbell of Bicester</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGYLQOK5lovJPitRDgRiubSyYR4DjD7f5NI0X2J2RoOxdD0TiwkBmaN5cdhrsRS-uecNx-EvaXEm-cPhwQNb2O-5Fdx3IPDKW_D81OPOhYRZ69846nfW5CN3GceEwriWuzseUid-OqnIh8/s1600/P1030358.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGYLQOK5lovJPitRDgRiubSyYR4DjD7f5NI0X2J2RoOxdD0TiwkBmaN5cdhrsRS-uecNx-EvaXEm-cPhwQNb2O-5Fdx3IPDKW_D81OPOhYRZ69846nfW5CN3GceEwriWuzseUid-OqnIh8/s320/P1030358.JPG" width="240" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On Saturday the 25<sup>th</sup> of November the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Museum</a>
welcomed lace makers from the local Oxfordshire lace makers group <a href="https://www.isislacemakers.org.uk/">ISIS lacemakers</a> and Oxford Historian and lace expert <a href="https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/about/people/professor-david-hopkin">David Hopkin</a>. Visitors, including
me had the opportunity to make some lace themselves. I really enjoyed the
process and thought that it would be more complicated than it was. I enjoyed
comparing modern lace makers tools and materials with the historical ones from
the collections finding that plastic has joined wood and bone bobbins. David
had kindly baked traditional cattern cakes made with caraway seeds. If you
missed this year’s celebrations we will be celebrating <a href="https://laceincontext.com/of-saints-queens-and-cattern-cakes-saint-catherine-and-the-lacemakers/">Saint Catherine</a> along
with ISIS lacemakers again next year! </span><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGX9m9lf-cGr6F1T9AE4lm-tnhYiaqwvosKwnH4wdRotjUcem6dsTxlLij70LLM3PMqnNYwD4mnAjEtpsXjyiqdPzGr0OzZJ2AMtPqZ-Pj-mkhBLY1vNMIm0NhuAR_g9XTJCFW0gW7GU-H/s1600/PRM000026831.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="790" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGX9m9lf-cGr6F1T9AE4lm-tnhYiaqwvosKwnH4wdRotjUcem6dsTxlLij70LLM3PMqnNYwD4mnAjEtpsXjyiqdPzGr0OzZJ2AMtPqZ-Pj-mkhBLY1vNMIm0NhuAR_g9XTJCFW0gW7GU-H/s320/PRM000026831.jpg" width="210" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Explore more about the lace collections at the <a href="http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/england/englishness-lace-makers-bobbins.html">Pitt-Rivers Museum online</a> or visit the display in case C.115.A in the Museum Court. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID46032.html">1918.16.29</a> Wooden lace bobbin with bead and button weights </span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-8588912015638816922017-11-01T03:30:00.000-07:002017-11-01T03:32:19.252-07:00Sensing Culture at the Pitt Rivers Museum, October 2017<div class="Body">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In October Jamie Cameron (Research Assistant, <a href="https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/" target="_blank">Oxford Internet Institute</a>) came to the
Pitt Rivers Museum to 3D scan an object in the museum’s collection; a model of
a totem pole (also known as a crest pole) made by the Northwest Coast Haida
<a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID4981.html" target="_blank">(1891.49.13 .1 - .2)</a>. The scan will be 3D printed and used for <i><a href="https://sensingcultureoxford.wordpress.com/about/" target="_blank">Sensing Culture</a>, </i><span style="font-size: small;">a Heritage Lottery funded project, led by the <a href="http://www.rnib.org.uk/" target="_blank">Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB)</a>. One of the aims at the project is to develop
and produce ways in which the visitor experience for blind and partially
sighted people can be improved. Other museums within the University of Oxford
<a href="http://www.glam.ox.ac.uk/home" target="_blank">GLAM</a> (Gardens, Libraries, Archives and Museums) are also involved.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="Body">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgivsU8mnNAHng9kecRpexTOraRmPLaRgSZVOZ1dy5BHk9ieOsQ-wIzL4FtS1wrDHHm1fdGU-mMZbEl25gxx-mmzS1hoPHydwvX_2-Ctbt9phLoYHFC95n7Jwfs8tOssvAdWB8JHypsv9sF/s1600/20170929_103552.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgivsU8mnNAHng9kecRpexTOraRmPLaRgSZVOZ1dy5BHk9ieOsQ-wIzL4FtS1wrDHHm1fdGU-mMZbEl25gxx-mmzS1hoPHydwvX_2-Ctbt9phLoYHFC95n7Jwfs8tOssvAdWB8JHypsv9sF/s400/20170929_103552.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5600004196167px;"> Jamie Cameron '3D scanning' the model Crest Pole </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum<br />
<br />
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="Body">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our
colleague <a href="http://pittrivers-americas.blogspot.co.uk/" target="_blank">Laura Peers</a> (Curator of the Americans and Professor of Museum
Anthropology) recommended the wooden model of a Haida totem pole for 3D
printing. The pole was made in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada, most
likely by artist Charles Edenshaw. Our documentation tells us that the model
pole was collected by resident missionary Charles Harrison (who published
accounts of the Haida) at the end of the 19th Century. The pole itself is
carved with ‘crest figures’ that relate to lineages, aspects of status and
property rights. To the Haida of the Northwest Coast, the act of looking up at
these representations shown on the sides of giant crest poles would have
triggered a visual reminder of the stories of how ancestral beings bestowed certain
rights on a family. The figures on this particular model pole include an eagle,
bears and their cubs in human or ancestral form, frogs and humans.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Body">
<br /></div>
<div class="Body">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately
we don’t yet have insight into why this particular model totem pole was made.
Could it have been a prototype for a much larger pole that was never carved?
Was it a commercial product for Europeans, or could it have been made to order
by European collectors to illustrate the types of narratives on totems that the
Haida produced?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Body">
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtWlbqo0Uolik-tzfwFBLEouF5x0-oE8jpTkYuI4-8L75-vILQvH3f5XZLmOjQZ3604e5FqZGQjMBL-SCaWp7-v6DeIzFFXpoNa3R7UL9ci3bnCkLB2GyyB4yWBkghB7_lOZyQ1MlV8rBg/s1600/PRM000013444.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="459" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtWlbqo0Uolik-tzfwFBLEouF5x0-oE8jpTkYuI4-8L75-vILQvH3f5XZLmOjQZ3604e5FqZGQjMBL-SCaWp7-v6DeIzFFXpoNa3R7UL9ci3bnCkLB2GyyB4yWBkghB7_lOZyQ1MlV8rBg/s640/PRM000013444.jpg" width="243" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5600004196167px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID4981.html" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: start;" target="_blank">(1891.49.13 .1 - .2)</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="Body">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In 2009 the museum received a Haida delegation
as part of the project <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/haidaculture.html" target="_blank">“Haida Material Culture in British Museums: Generating New Forms of Knowledge”</a>. The delegates, when looking at the model crest pole,
observed that some of the original museum labelling is incorrect, and that the
bear at the bottom of the pole was holding in its mouth a prawn or shrimp, and
not a crayfish as had been labelled. They also added that this pole might be
depicting the <a href="http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/HaidaMotherBearStory-Haida.html" target="_blank">bear mother story</a>, a popular Haida narrative. These observations
were added to our online database, a living document which reflects the
multi-vocality and dynamism of the museum’s collection. Visits like these
highlight the importance of retaining relationships between museums and the
living communities from which material culture was taken from, often under very
difficult and problematic circumstances. The Pitt Rivers Museum always aims to
be at the forefront in repairing relationships damaged in the past by European
colonial collecting practices. We continue to generate positive outputs such as
material repatriation, loans to source communities, access for originating
communities to engage with and reconnect with the collection both physically
and digitally, and collaborative work, such as the </span><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/haidabox" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" target="_blank">Great Box Project</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> in 2014</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="Body">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Jamie
used 3D imaging technologies, including photogrammetry, to create a ‘scan’ of
the totem pole. This will be 3D printed, and such prints will allow visitors
who are blind or partially sighted to ‘read’ the object through touch. Haida
art uses a structured formline design, where different coloured paints
highlight certain features, and on carvings such as the model pole, formline
appears in incisions in shallow and deep relief. Visitors will be able to feel
the incised lines on the 3D print to help understand the layout and proportions
of the totem pole. Many museums are using 3D printing to engage their visitors,
and it is just one of the ways that the Pitt Rivers Museum works to enable
access to its collections.</span></span></div>
<div class="Body">
<br /></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
border:none;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--></span></span><br />
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 16.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; color: #2e2c2a;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Nicholas Crowe </span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 16.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; color: #2e2c2a;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Assistant Curator</span></span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-25761772898679334762017-09-20T08:42:00.001-07:002017-09-20T09:01:38.981-07:00Interning with Object Collections: Researching Model Houses and the Cultures Behind Them, Then and TodayAs an intern in Object Collections (see my <a href="http://pittrivers-object.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">introductory blog post</a>), something I’ve been researching is model houses from <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Asia" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Asia</a>. These objects are being redisplayed and when this happens research needs to be done. While the descriptions on the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/databases" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">object database</a>, which can be <a href="http://databases.prm.ox.ac.uk/fmi/webd#objects_online" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">searched online</a>, gives some information about these collections, like the materials they are made of and some background information, it can often be sparse or outdated. The case text from the pre-existing display gave additional detail but was centred around a theme that enabled the objects to be compared. For example, several of the model houses I’ve been researching were grouped together under a common theme of thatched roofs.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUpgXioZ3VOVDF0i7PuK3D-FQ0KOX8ree_CKM34ty86y6nA6wFc30K8XGsQ2cQwFaE2V8pg7BwsPo25lUuEPVZM3qqmkmTLp9TBQTQPeXGOuQqXSw4pobGdrjyET_kI4v658YwadD61w3P/s1600/TodaHouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUpgXioZ3VOVDF0i7PuK3D-FQ0KOX8ree_CKM34ty86y6nA6wFc30K8XGsQ2cQwFaE2V8pg7BwsPo25lUuEPVZM3qqmkmTLp9TBQTQPeXGOuQqXSw4pobGdrjyET_kI4v658YwadD61w3P/s320/TodaHouse.jpg" width="284" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Toda model house, <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID8673.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PRM 1900.78.2</a> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span id="goog_2069438764"></span><span id="goog_2069438765"></span></div>
<br />
I started my research by having a look at the model houses and the current information the museum has on them. Several were from the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Toda-people-India" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Toda people</a> (a small indigenous group in the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Nilgiri-Hills" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Nilgiri Hills</a> in India); many brass models were from <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sumatra" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sumatra</a> in Indonesia (at least some being from the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Minangkabau" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Minangkabau people</a>); a few models were from the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ainu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ainu people</a> in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Hokkaido" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hokkaido</a>, Japan; and finally one model – which reminded me of a North American tipi in appearance – was from the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khanty" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Khanty people</a> (who are also referred to by several other names in texts about them), living in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Siberia" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Siberia</a>.<br />
<br />
As not all of the database entries for the models had reference photographs, I also got to experience how these were taken – the objects were carefully positioned against a plain light-grey background with a scale in centimetres placed in front of them to indicate how large the objects are. Taking the photographs, I had to aim to not distort this scale with the angle of the camera. Once these photographs are linked to the <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID143463.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">appropriate record</a>, you will be able to see what the models look like, as well as read about them, using the online database.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwFbsVIxzH2cdO1UqdUJqeNVzv-cKbEUm4eUCkffHHAWKRWSOYDrtqQOj4PM4PYMpI1xZ79z2bFWIQOQ2fsrwcgr_Hcc2RlX5tEtFrM4Ju7c72Iwdq0c9wmwu14mGDH47WgsQn89y0nmZW/s1600/Khanty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwFbsVIxzH2cdO1UqdUJqeNVzv-cKbEUm4eUCkffHHAWKRWSOYDrtqQOj4PM4PYMpI1xZ79z2bFWIQOQ2fsrwcgr_Hcc2RlX5tEtFrM4Ju7c72Iwdq0c9wmwu14mGDH47WgsQn89y0nmZW/s320/Khanty.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Khanty model house photographed with scale bar, <br />
<a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID143463.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PRM 1915.50.73</a> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Looking for books on houses from around the world, myself and my supervisor, Zena, had a browse of the Pitt Rivers’ <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/balfour" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Balfour Library</a>, and with the help of the librarian tracked down a couple of books. These only had small sections of relevant information, however, so I used the internet (particularly <a href="https://www.jstor.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">JSTOR</a> and <a href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>) to find academic journal articles on the groups the model houses were from. I also browsed Google Images and Wikipedia to find recent photographs of the homes to see if the styles still existed unchanged today or had changed or disappeared over time (all of the models were donated between 1900-1924, so were all at least 93 years old, some at least 117).<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
I found myself drawn to aspects of the research which discussed the impact of tourism and interactions with other groups – for the Ainu, Japanese tourism had greatly impacted their lifestyle, with tourist villages being a primary source of income for some Ainu people and even – some felt – a way to maintain traditional aspects of their culture, but reductive portrayals in some of these villages and in mainstream Japanese media have had a large effect on <a href="https://www.tofugu.com/japan/ainu-japan/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">how the Ainu are perceived</a>. According to these articles, many Japanese citizens view the Ainu as ‘primitive’ and at one with nature, living exactly the same as they did centuries ago, rather than using modern transport vehicles, for example, among other things.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJrFF6J4_e1eyK2gz9vuSDzoVHG8S1LmlLBQVX5U0cA2Z1VjElcgnruX_cr9R2a0c9VXz1l-VrrcVtmcu2FMPObYCk6I_36TEEgyclEDUOi6cWwiV_MAAixqRM5aZYnVtavoXQRtdZCFY-/s1600/Ainu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJrFF6J4_e1eyK2gz9vuSDzoVHG8S1LmlLBQVX5U0cA2Z1VjElcgnruX_cr9R2a0c9VXz1l-VrrcVtmcu2FMPObYCk6I_36TEEgyclEDUOi6cWwiV_MAAixqRM5aZYnVtavoXQRtdZCFY-/s320/Ainu.jpg" width="295" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ainu model house, <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID8673.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PRM 1900.78.2</a> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
I think there is a tendency to view indigenous peoples as wholly separated from other societies, living uninterrupted by country’s governments. Or, alternatively, gone – semi-mythical people of the past who are no longer in existence today. Researching these groups in the present day and in relation to others in their countries helps to disperse these distorted views and myths, and shed light particularly on how energy consumption often has a disproportionate impact on indigenous groups despite these groups gaining the least from this consumption. <br />
<br />
For example, in one of the articles I read there was a recent photograph of a traditional Toda temple, which included a sign in English ‘NO ADMISSION (TEMPLE)’. This suggests regular interaction with English-speaking tourists. Government policy can also have a dramatic impact on the lives of indigenous minorities. For example, the lives of Khanty people has been <a href="https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/Khanty" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">greatly impacted by Soviet policy</a>. There have been various projects to try and assimilate the Khanty into mainstream Soviet culture and most of their land from the 1960s onwards seized for a petroleum deposit.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkAqAnF3MC87QGSAVBr1EshdaSgYJYldLwP0-nPJmjoG2EqI8mx66XULYnSSQn7-eNIw01vJci_M0o9Xzcs3Q35pImVQfjBXeRTZL8RogBb3pM6UFUf4DI8_l7jUs9914Iz4xbfl0htH3W/s1600/Mingkabau.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkAqAnF3MC87QGSAVBr1EshdaSgYJYldLwP0-nPJmjoG2EqI8mx66XULYnSSQn7-eNIw01vJci_M0o9Xzcs3Q35pImVQfjBXeRTZL8RogBb3pM6UFUf4DI8_l7jUs9914Iz4xbfl0htH3W/s320/Mingkabau.jpg" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minangkabau model house, <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID113884.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PRM 1960.5.22 .1</a> <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">© </span>Pitt Rivers Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In other areas of my research I read about construction and materials used, and the significance of certain elements of the dwellings and their locations, usually having both practical and religious reasons. For example, traditionally Ainu houses have only one window which is used for sacred purposes only – weapons are passed through it to be blessed for a hunt, and food caught during this hunt is then passed back through the window. The window is always positioned facing upstream as this is believed to be where the Gods reside. For the Khanty, river systems also have religious importance, believed to be created by divine ancestors who protect family hunting areas.<br />
<br />
I would like to see the model houses placed alongside contemporary photos if the Museum is able to secure the copyright for these images (or find photographs without copyright).<br />
<br />
<b>Miranda Reilly</b><br />
Museum Intern<br />
<br />
<b>References</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Lisa Hiwasaki, ‘Ethnic Tourism in Hokkaido and the Shaping of Ainu Identity’ in Pacific Affairs, 2000 (on JSTOR)<br />
<br />
Peter Jordan, Material Culture and Sacred Landscape: The Anthropology of the Siberian Khanty<br />
<br />
Contemporary photographs of the Khanty (more can be found by searching ‘Khanty’ or ‘chum’ – the Russian name for the Khanty tent – on Google Images): Click this <a href="https://i.pinimg.com/564x/92/81/0e/92810e297695a362a2427232025d69ed.jpg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">link</a> and this <a href="https://i.pinimg.com/600x315/5d/28/c9/5d28c97c0a92caf035ee63d710f25ae9.jpg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">one</a> for two examples.<br />
<br />
George Lugosi, ‘Mathematical Tourism in Siberia’ in The Mathematical Tourist, ed. Dirk Huylebrouck<br />
<br />
Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer, ‘Ethnicity without Power: The Siberian Khanty in Soviet Society,’ in Slavic Review, 1983 (on JSTOR)<br />
<br />
William A. Noble, ‘Toda Dwellings and Temples’ in Anthropos, 1966 (on JSTOR)<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-36640550484362866732017-07-20T08:43:00.000-07:002017-07-20T08:43:00.092-07:00Interning with Object CollectionsOn my desk is a stack of papers and books on housing from around the world, a drawer full of little cards labelled ‘CLOTHING COATS – E,’ and a heavily-annotated list of disability-related objects from the Pitt Rivers Museum Objects database. These are some of the tasks that I’ve been working on as part of a four-week funded internship with Object Collections under the <a href="https://www.careers.ox.ac.uk/about-our-internships/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Oxford University Internship Programme</a> (OUIP).<br />
<br />
OUIP allows University of Oxford students to apply to a few internships based in the UK and abroad: all of the UK-based placements are either paid or have grants attached to them, while quite a few of the internships in other countries also have funding available. For this internship, I received a £1,000 Oxford University Recruiters’ Group Research Bursary: this more than covered all of my living costs for the month, working out at the equivalent of around £10 per hour, and I stayed in college-owned accommodation in Summertown.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn4Nr9YzL6P1odiCqKSKZaKqrTw4EfCxjMAt3SmnOUiQvgvh-Zf5GNXGx6iwenzwqxcvgfvcYid6mIUYUWuqLyVP3eJWGObxPBtxIAzqmY6hCN2JkDWx-BYbDe3TUsUBTvptoSiZGI069L/s1600/Cards.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn4Nr9YzL6P1odiCqKSKZaKqrTw4EfCxjMAt3SmnOUiQvgvh-Zf5GNXGx6iwenzwqxcvgfvcYid6mIUYUWuqLyVP3eJWGObxPBtxIAzqmY6hCN2JkDWx-BYbDe3TUsUBTvptoSiZGI069L/s320/Cards.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Pitt Rivers took on two interns this summer: I had originally applied to what had been the only internship on offer, working with Photo Collections (for more on that internship, you can read the <a href="http://pittrivers-photo.blogspot.co.uk/2017/06/deep-in-long-vac-scanner-is-whirring.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Photos blog</a>). After not being shortlisted for this, I received an email stating that the Pitt Rivers was now offering a second internship, with Object Collections on the floor above, and that my original application could be forwarded on. This new internship sounded far more suited to my skills and interests than the initial internship I had applied to, so I was excited to hear about this. I attended a casual interview with Zena McGreevy – who is now supervising my internship – where we discussed what it would involve and what I was interested in doing. I mentioned that I particularly wanted to work on creating a disability trail for the museum similar to the <a href="http://www.ox.ac.uk/staff/news-listing/2017-02-08-out-oxford-cross-collections-trail" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Out in Oxford LGBTQ+ trail</a> the museum was part of for LGBTQ+ History Month earlier this year, ideally to debut in UK Disability History Month (22nd November – 22nd December). Zena was interested in accommodating this into my work, and, as it stands, this, along with a display, will hopefully be ready by the end of 2018.<br />
<br />
Outside of my academic work as a second-year English undergraduate at Hertford College, I’m currently the president of the Oxford Students’ Disability Community (OSDC), which is the Oxford University Students’ Union (OUSU) disabled students campaign. We’re in the middle of undergoing a name change this summer, as we’re merging with Mind Your Head, the OUSU’s mental health awareness campaign, but we can be found under our new name at the student union’s website from 17th August 2017. I got involved with OSDC myself primarily due to my own experiences with mental health – social anxiety disorder – but also close second-hand experience of other conditions including my mum’s Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and her strong sensitivity to fragrances, such as scented laundry detergents and cleaning products. Since then, I’ve made many friends in the campaign and the Staff Disability Network with a wide variety of conditions, who will hopefully be getting involved in the disability trail over the course of the year. In our campaign, we work to raise awareness of disability and issues affecting disabled students, as well as hosting weekly accessible social events during term time and trying to improve accessibility across the university.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj269o03XQVWV4Ftg5cv_Ml-AT2oAHJFkuFpT87USM6pam14_PIb6Y1vbHAwzDoJe48Pydm6DeScyrkkYI0ft-H8GXXtMMHyGpLR3QIgB6nyz8iqaAecjMuMaqpnrvjlym7I_8X2Hse7Plw/s1600/Miranda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj269o03XQVWV4Ftg5cv_Ml-AT2oAHJFkuFpT87USM6pam14_PIb6Y1vbHAwzDoJe48Pydm6DeScyrkkYI0ft-H8GXXtMMHyGpLR3QIgB6nyz8iqaAecjMuMaqpnrvjlym7I_8X2Hse7Plw/s320/Miranda.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In my blog posts over the coming weeks, I’ll be going into more detail about some of the projects I’ve been working on at the Pitt Rivers. Some of the tasks, such as audience research (reviewing the effectiveness of a new display by surveying and tracking visitors) are also carried out by volunteers, so an internship isn’t the only way to gain experience with the Pitt Rivers if you have a few hours spare per week.<br />
<br />
I’ve really enjoyed being involved with the museum behind the scenes and contributing to a variety of areas, and all of the staff have been very welcoming. The insight into anthropology this internship has given me has been exciting, especially being able to see how it overlaps with and differs from what I do as an English student, and how disability can be approached through it. I hope to continue my relationship with the museum as we develop the disability trail and am definitely interested in studying anthropology more in the future.<br />
<br />
References<br />
•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pitt Rivers Museum Photo Blog: http://pittrivers-photo.blogspot.co.uk<br />
•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Oxford University Students’ Union (OUSU): https://ousu.org<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Miranda Reilly</b></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-8627915415140769302017-06-28T02:18:00.002-07:002017-06-28T02:18:42.966-07:00New Acquisition: Iraqw skirt<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXDN_Pn0HdRAJ4xNcMOC7Zo9MhjNLcyB5r-IHq5R5T29rZM_nhK8-Ph-u2V-0MEYUAiU0tYsHsspkcgLuMXJxQEZSr0z-FlVXeFMD6G95k-T8-ABvhluxZf0a1HHpodC5Ns4MYcra7Xm5t/s1600/2017.139.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="1600" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXDN_Pn0HdRAJ4xNcMOC7Zo9MhjNLcyB5r-IHq5R5T29rZM_nhK8-Ph-u2V-0MEYUAiU0tYsHsspkcgLuMXJxQEZSr0z-FlVXeFMD6G95k-T8-ABvhluxZf0a1HHpodC5Ns4MYcra7Xm5t/s400/2017.139.1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Iraqw skirt collected by Elizabeth Porter 2017.139.1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
I recently accessioned a beautiful beaded skirt from
Tanzania. The skirt was donated to the Museum back in 2015 by Elizabeth Porter.
Elizabeth lived in Karatu in the Arusha region of Tanzania in the 1990’s.
Having watched young girls wearing such skirts during an initiation ceremony an
Iraqw woman offered to make Elizabeth a skirt to buy. This is now one of two
Iraqw skirts in the Museum’s collections. The other skirt is older, acquired by
Samuel P. Powell when he was in Tanzania and loaned to the Pitt Rivers in 1940.
The earlier skirt is more richly decorated however, despite the initiation
rituals associated with the skirt being rarely practiced today the tradition of
making these skirts prevail and whilst the handmade nature of the skirts ensure
that no two skirts are the same similarities can be found. Prominent colours of
beading in both skirts are red, white and blue, though the colour palette has
expanded in the later skirt. This is most likely because seed beads of
different colours became more available. The skirts, given the skill and time
required to make them, anywhere between 6 months to a year during seclusion as
part of the Marmo ritual, were traditionally saved for special occasions and
ceremonial wear. Young girls took great pride in the making of their skirts and
the finished product displayed the individuals high level of skill and artistic
design, it also acted as a sign of wealth. Some skirts were so heavily beaded
that they could weigh up to 40 pounds or more.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk7LN8LvzF6twMBPFTzfG1BBMLPpmHImyxy0QMfD1UbONtqLWtftBvBcyMudaDrUFkHM7q3VKL7kUmN2EC_Pgk7Ml79KJXHA0-vcHJtkWYPW-PYK69HqN08T5-x8vmcZGTWwdU57_ieJxQ/s1600/PRM000089075.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="956" data-original-width="1200" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk7LN8LvzF6twMBPFTzfG1BBMLPpmHImyxy0QMfD1UbONtqLWtftBvBcyMudaDrUFkHM7q3VKL7kUmN2EC_Pgk7Ml79KJXHA0-vcHJtkWYPW-PYK69HqN08T5-x8vmcZGTWwdU57_ieJxQ/s400/PRM000089075.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Iraqw skirt collected by Samuel P. Powell <a href="http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID11762.html">1940.7.0114</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Iraqw skirts are rare in Museum collections and to have two
at the PRM is a real privilege. It is a great opportunity for comparison and
demonstrates the importance of contemporary collecting. The tradition of embroidering
hide skirts among the Iraqw has continued, whilst the original context for
making them has disappeared. The symbolic meanings behind the shapes and
patterns embroidered on the skirts are largely unknown however, they remain
important material culture for understanding Iraqw society.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Faye Belsey</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assistant Curator </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-70597527257993294552017-05-15T08:00:00.001-07:002017-06-05T03:54:16.833-07:00Learning to make armour from coconut - a tradition from Kiribati<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On the 3<sup>rd</sup> April I was invited to Cambridge to
attend a workshop on Coconut fibre armour from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati">Kiribati</a>. The <a href="http://maa.cam.ac.uk/">Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (MAA) </a>is currently displaying
the exhibition <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://ktaweb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Island-Warrior-Invitation.pdf">‘The Island Warrior’</a></i>
one of the many outcomes of the <a href="http://pacificpresences.maa.cam.ac.uk/">Pacific Presences</a> research project. The coconut
fibre armour from Kiribati has always held a fascination with me and the weapons
that accompany it. I am inspired by the use of local materials, coconut fibre,
shark’s teeth, ray skin and porcupine fish skin to make these fearsome objects.
I think that the armour and weaponry of Kiribati epitomises the resourcefulness
of an island nation. The Republic of Kiribati consists of thirty-three coral atolls
isolated in the Pacific Ocean. The coconut fibre armour is unique to Kiribati
and the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> has the second largest collection of this armour in
the UK after the <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/">British Museum</a>. The armour consists of many component parts
the most significant being the cuirass, which covers the torso, tunics,
dungarees, trousers, forearm guards, waistbands and helmets. Today, the
armoured warrior is a symbol of power and strength which appears on t-shirts
and sarongs in Kiribati. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1DF4Bx3I_86tA00PVlnTQZ78qkBtDNOhutCqnzYSUy2h1uP_FGJ0xoImyUyevqmKv5Bvd9Wy0hhNYOd5mkj3JX_Y1WDV5QA2XFO00_bsWzzGiaHxRGhTm1m1qcvDPiQyPH8K8eiEa0bgW/s1600/IMG_0145.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1DF4Bx3I_86tA00PVlnTQZ78qkBtDNOhutCqnzYSUy2h1uP_FGJ0xoImyUyevqmKv5Bvd9Wy0hhNYOd5mkj3JX_Y1WDV5QA2XFO00_bsWzzGiaHxRGhTm1m1qcvDPiQyPH8K8eiEa0bgW/s400/IMG_0145.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc0drp1xxmQgmSqmQGUSkKmiIDxVmbu09kdvVS1xtSknLapm6cZfnRYNLD_3IsFPxwQp9GhJNeVpSB9zOQpMugV08DyKBJrt8jDczJftk9J7FBlUEduG0SY3Sl8UB8BEkS372oFQpCGM9S/s1600/IMG_0150.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc0drp1xxmQgmSqmQGUSkKmiIDxVmbu09kdvVS1xtSknLapm6cZfnRYNLD_3IsFPxwQp9GhJNeVpSB9zOQpMugV08DyKBJrt8jDczJftk9J7FBlUEduG0SY3Sl8UB8BEkS372oFQpCGM9S/s400/IMG_0150.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qqD1w5y3_amYAfF3qrTCgAIsUtmwYYxy-n13mKh9VFzRdj3V-wl0RdgjAJ31RtejLknyDWZXuDIqR40sH7yRTKTmdDhPT9fu53F6HSNEi0RRJqm4sJHgY-lf6MFLQH4r6oYIwPar6k9-/s1600/IMG_0151.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qqD1w5y3_amYAfF3qrTCgAIsUtmwYYxy-n13mKh9VFzRdj3V-wl0RdgjAJ31RtejLknyDWZXuDIqR40sH7yRTKTmdDhPT9fu53F6HSNEi0RRJqm4sJHgY-lf6MFLQH4r6oYIwPar6k9-/s400/IMG_0151.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimxL9g3ogYYVBVD22aGKyBd_3-FJP1LssMKYNpC3i-wJSZV_-ofeiK9uIA2fLYL6FvLXLfrK_K7XCipsGC713ODLRan3OJGkOFhfOew7eQdQLxtTovmwM6h8Dq33yQ5tnSoXmGueiEtVu4/s1600/IMG_0156.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimxL9g3ogYYVBVD22aGKyBd_3-FJP1LssMKYNpC3i-wJSZV_-ofeiK9uIA2fLYL6FvLXLfrK_K7XCipsGC713ODLRan3OJGkOFhfOew7eQdQLxtTovmwM6h8Dq33yQ5tnSoXmGueiEtVu4/s400/IMG_0156.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8CF223kXHstOUsQjks-1ixzgVh8ZJ6BfVWBs2sS8ppza-TCMwKLUKT13XEEUZwbPzwIp1nRkYm8OIgn2vS8l7lKzMaIYRDN1ovBnBbA6OxGkqJYnvl9972aeqOf-VVGJHPDLmzEnR6KDm/s1600/IMG_0161.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8CF223kXHstOUsQjks-1ixzgVh8ZJ6BfVWBs2sS8ppza-TCMwKLUKT13XEEUZwbPzwIp1nRkYm8OIgn2vS8l7lKzMaIYRDN1ovBnBbA6OxGkqJYnvl9972aeqOf-VVGJHPDLmzEnR6KDm/s400/IMG_0161.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCL9yC5_sAmeeWfz1FCrx8t5DmDfQ1KWewWpHZVxRzIL-o8ZMutoHeSKXYDFjurYj6V_pCNjckIoJ7s9Wd33IvFarRlod4jtXPm7Gx5HahxGCemkjO0H9JdcFe66SgcsW9XQcCHXjOXH-0/s1600/IMG_0162.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCL9yC5_sAmeeWfz1FCrx8t5DmDfQ1KWewWpHZVxRzIL-o8ZMutoHeSKXYDFjurYj6V_pCNjckIoJ7s9Wd33IvFarRlod4jtXPm7Gx5HahxGCemkjO0H9JdcFe66SgcsW9XQcCHXjOXH-0/s400/IMG_0162.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The</span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ‘Island Warrior’</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> is exhibited in two show cases. One
case displays the </span><a href="http://www.museums.cam.ac.uk/blog/2017/03/28/what-can-collaborations-tell-us/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">historic suit of armour</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> from MAA’s collections and the other displays
a contemporary suit made by artists </span><a href="http://maa.cam.ac.uk/weaving-armour-with-kaetaeta-watson-lizzy-leckie-and-chris-charteris/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lizzy Leckie</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><a href="https://www.hakaimagazine.com/article-short/fish-helmets-dont-save-lives" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kaetaeta Watson</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> and </span><a href="http://www.tautai.org/artist/chris-charteris/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chris Charteris</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. Also inspired by the use of local resources, Lizzy, Chris and
Kaetaeta experimented with materials readily available to them from their home
in New Zealand. They made the cuirass from twisted polyethylene twine used for
fishing trawl nets. This material was successful after having discovered that
the knotting technique used to make the original armour was indeed a similar technique
used in making fishing nets. The overalls were made from sisal bailing twine. Other
man made materials were used for the construction of the armour due to their availability,
firmness and strength. As part of the workshop I was able to have a go at plying
coconut fibre and the knotting and weaving techniques employed by the artists
to make the contemporary suit. This opportunity gave me an insight into the
specialist skills required, the time, effort and teamwork necessary to make a
complete suit. I wasn’t very good at it and in attempting the weaving appreciated
the whalebone needles Chris had made especially for the process, metal needles
were extremely unforgiving on the hands! feel that the interdisciplinary
approach embraced by the exhibition made me really examine the object and
should be an approach adopted more often. The </span><a href="http://conserving-curiosities.blogspot.co.uk/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">conservation</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> element reminded me
of the approach we recently applied at the PRM to reinterpret the </span><a href="http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/cookvoyages/index.php/en/the-objects/103-objects/tahiti/450-1886-1-1637-2-1.html" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tahitian mourners costume</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> from </span><a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/cook" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Captain Cook’s voyages</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> now on display in the Cook case on
the Lower Gallery. I was lucky enough the be able to stay for the exhibition
opening where we were treated to Kiribati dancing from members of Kiribati community
members living in the UK and working with the British Museum as part of their </span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://objectjourneys.britishmuseum.org/kiribati/">‘object journeys’</a></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> project. We have on display in the Upper Gallery of the Museum a suit
of </span><a href="http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/weapons/index.php/tour-by-region/oceania/oceania/arms-and-armour-oceania-222/index.html" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">coconut fibre Kiribati armour</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, do go and have a look when you are next visiting
the Museum.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGL0yhW7DsorEc0PwkXCLZhbmONWRmgv9KrmTy44YD9PBQG7R3Y6MSs2Cz3wXWn4779I5DVAAvslFgqC65feXlmN-JN48Yqfhzg76Uzk99lrGcPcPwXda4gUpxYmV-_lt0_X3n_CRQ56DS/s1600/IMG_0166.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGL0yhW7DsorEc0PwkXCLZhbmONWRmgv9KrmTy44YD9PBQG7R3Y6MSs2Cz3wXWn4779I5DVAAvslFgqC65feXlmN-JN48Yqfhzg76Uzk99lrGcPcPwXda4gUpxYmV-_lt0_X3n_CRQ56DS/s400/IMG_0166.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh62go6gZHyfk1KZQgvKtkJ5Gy4vnn7J_j0-pzi93PF1jQ70lJmvx6i1UiP06obY-ioP_IBIBqY5epNvCYtWdz_t0RZ-P5ivjDbqZUjXc0O8J7YlmYCWIGA_P2sflZl8jUq-zAioCYfMSSM/s1600/IMG_0170.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh62go6gZHyfk1KZQgvKtkJ5Gy4vnn7J_j0-pzi93PF1jQ70lJmvx6i1UiP06obY-ioP_IBIBqY5epNvCYtWdz_t0RZ-P5ivjDbqZUjXc0O8J7YlmYCWIGA_P2sflZl8jUq-zAioCYfMSSM/s400/IMG_0170.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Faye Belsey <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="382">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Assistant Curator</span><o:p></o:p></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-27330763302243795772017-03-27T03:39:00.000-07:002017-03-28T06:09:41.404-07:00A lesson in making the colour of the night sky and deepest ocean<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeIi4VNFr5TJSF5hq_onUzAXzkY8PkWfZyaWElWWoJh9G-YEGVQ9xI86Z31cUFfCol0oiZI8UA7JOfNQuZEGGqCMa71Jlp7caPkWdTNwZAvmoqlDg6sD6wzrI8orXra0jnS3XFwELm2uKP/s1600/IMG_5592.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeIi4VNFr5TJSF5hq_onUzAXzkY8PkWfZyaWElWWoJh9G-YEGVQ9xI86Z31cUFfCol0oiZI8UA7JOfNQuZEGGqCMa71Jlp7caPkWdTNwZAvmoqlDg6sD6wzrI8orXra0jnS3XFwELm2uKP/s320/IMG_5592.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The indigo mixture and below indigo in the pounder </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Last week
three of us from the <a href="https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/">Pitt Rivers Museum</a>, Julia Nicholson, Head of Collections,
Jeremy Uden, Head of Conservation and myself were lucky enough to attend a two
day workshop on indigo hosted by the <a href="http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/our-work/conservation">conservation department of the Bodleian Library</a> and led by indigo expert <a href="http://socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk/iais/staff/balfour-paul/">Jenny Balfour-Paul</a>. Jenny has studied this
mysterious colour, the colour so imbedded in our everyday lives as indicated by
the title of her book “<a href="http://www.britishmuseumshoponline.org/art+poetry/indigo/invt/cmc50963">Indigo: from Egyptian Mummies to Blue Jeans</a>” for over 20
years. This rich, deep colour, derived from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigofera">indigo plant</a>, we learnt, is a
chemical marvel. We made a chemical <a href="http://maiwahandprints.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/natural-dyes-about-organic-indigo-vat.html">dye vat</a> (with a kit from <a href="https://maiwa.com/products/natural-indigo-kit?variant=27057291137">Maiwa</a>) using natural indigo adding
chemicals thiourea dioxide and lye to act as alkaline and as a reducing agent. Ideally,
we would have made a fermentation vat using all natural materials whereby
bacteria would break down the indigo naturally but this is a long process which
could take several days or weeks and we only had a short time. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4rFn90d7bn30ueZ4LwRPa_e3JUfhcfKDOSv-_0dlfzkwB2XiI9HE9rItkgO8UyMTGJQbuJVW1_yMRcm5STv-z-i624Sdg69WGcQVJiZn5mXwGGICKWsvm39GC6jb0kijE8CneK28IfrJn/s1600/IMG_5611.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4rFn90d7bn30ueZ4LwRPa_e3JUfhcfKDOSv-_0dlfzkwB2XiI9HE9rItkgO8UyMTGJQbuJVW1_yMRcm5STv-z-i624Sdg69WGcQVJiZn5mXwGGICKWsvm39GC6jb0kijE8CneK28IfrJn/s320/IMG_5611.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">We left the vat
overnight and returned the next day to see what it had done. Amazingly the vat
is clear/yellowish, not blue as you would expect. The smell was pungent. As the
material is dipped into the vat it comes out green and turns blue when it hits the air through
oxidization. It was amazing seeing the transformation before our very eyes. We dipped paper into the vat, removing the scum from the surface to make dye
gods, a Japanese tradition to bring good luck to the success of the vat. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We also played with indigo as a pigment, braking the raw indigo down with a pestle and mortar and adding honey and gum arabic to make paint. We experimented with burnishing and used gold to paint over the indigo. This was a technique used in ancient manuscripts from Asia, the Middle East and Europe which we had seen in the Bodleian collections on the </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">first day of the workshop. We have a number of indigo </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">dyed textiles in the collections of the PRM including </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">beautifully shiny indigo textiles from Southwest China</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqOIVMxskb2iIUE_VN8U8bClcksiY0hQchhgP1j6c5EuYA5pPI3_XVGGw6Wxh4-izlcJ5MjbRZQkcpBKcHaYqUxB6QjjuD5nvElNqQ2BVO9jrECDg9n_l8R2RVMxG9WawNFok3hciewIWK/s1600/IMG_5615.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqOIVMxskb2iIUE_VN8U8bClcksiY0hQchhgP1j6c5EuYA5pPI3_XVGGw6Wxh4-izlcJ5MjbRZQkcpBKcHaYqUxB6QjjuD5nvElNqQ2BVO9jrECDg9n_l8R2RVMxG9WawNFok3hciewIWK/s320/IMG_5615.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">All hands in the indigo vat, below, Japanese dye god</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Jenny Balfour-Paul has been kind enough to donate her collection of Textiles from the Arab world to the Museum. Many of the textiles use the rich tradition of indigo dying. I look forward to cataloguing Jenny's collection and researching it further in the coming months.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Many thanks to the conservation department of the Bodleian Library for hosting the event and for letting us use their photographs from the workshop in this blog. </span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Faye Belsey</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Assistant Curator</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivUCfpJnGPjNqsKVDjldvONBygbZ_uw7yQcfcxejywATw8iS1pvaFFqmQN0MirGSGL6gStmoHVIn_atjfhF4bK1HdsiSnG1qb05JSev1la75dCg3Oy7aGRjlf4MPeyBdoQmOyYivxNow4f/s1600/IMG_5630.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivUCfpJnGPjNqsKVDjldvONBygbZ_uw7yQcfcxejywATw8iS1pvaFFqmQN0MirGSGL6gStmoHVIn_atjfhF4bK1HdsiSnG1qb05JSev1la75dCg3Oy7aGRjlf4MPeyBdoQmOyYivxNow4f/s320/IMG_5630.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6065650051677872301.post-82073123827975503232017-03-09T03:21:00.001-08:002017-03-09T03:21:06.159-08:00Fijian Visitors to the Museum<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4d8IfvCvmUgYstGnUixCB2MhSJoq_PD2PlLn87zg80gCi8zgNXHyc3qm9cCIAuRYwCvTPsBtFt6rlQ7c7mNfen49VsvpD0RnTQ7UvLMNL36__xAQAl9M2Im4GGfAfWf2BjnlpTw12w1W/s1600/16830858_1818536278160335_8069886811847275496_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4d8IfvCvmUgYstGnUixCB2MhSJoq_PD2PlLn87zg80gCi8zgNXHyc3qm9cCIAuRYwCvTPsBtFt6rlQ7c7mNfen49VsvpD0RnTQ7UvLMNL36__xAQAl9M2Im4GGfAfWf2BjnlpTw12w1W/s320/16830858_1818536278160335_8069886811847275496_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">On the 13</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">th</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">
of February we were delighted to host a visit by colleagues from <a href="http://www.fijimuseum.org.fj/">Fiji Museum</a>
and the <a href="http://www.itaukeitrustfund.com.fj/english/">iTaukei Trust Fund</a>. They are visiting the UK from Fiji as part of the
<a href="http://www.fijianart.sru.uea.ac.uk/">Fijian Art Research project</a> hosted by <a href="http://www.sru.uea.ac.uk/">The Sainsbury Research Unit</a>. As part of
their visit to the UK they also visited <a href="http://www.horniman.ac.uk/">The Horniman Museum</a>, <a href="http://maa.cam.ac.uk/">CambridgeUniversity Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</a> and the <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/">British Museum</a>.
During their day at the PRM they had a behind the scenes tour of the Museum
including our education and conservation departments. We also showed them
collections from Fiji from the Museum stores including breast plates, nose flutes
and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Maurice_Hocart">Arthur Maurice</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Maurice_Hocart">Hocart’</a>s early 19</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">th</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> century Fijian photograph
collection. We had a great day together and enjoyed sharing insights into
Museum practice both at home in the UK and across the Pacific.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3ilc6imR01Cqmc5lcuFdR9uRG-CPUdg7ukKytWhhp2jVOOx-A3lAnKtH3tHGDU6IfRwzzJd9BEdpv3yI82a41ZP1PX6VheM8bapdX5Tns48p4tujnb3FCitGTOS-qu44qcwR_NExoHvx-/s1600/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-037.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3ilc6imR01Cqmc5lcuFdR9uRG-CPUdg7ukKytWhhp2jVOOx-A3lAnKtH3tHGDU6IfRwzzJd9BEdpv3yI82a41ZP1PX6VheM8bapdX5Tns48p4tujnb3FCitGTOS-qu44qcwR_NExoHvx-/s320/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-037.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqhVjqRMxGKjrJ_SWvBTFBepSFmFCnglLEDiGhKHB8uZgwt0XhhWqj6H3adD4XyrD1UsP88-FVbjiz7xT6MS0lgs1vI9y_ER4IdBY9fZP5n_JFodNGEWFJ9uzxeMjfiUpY_dQKZtsqMqWi/s1600/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-042.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqhVjqRMxGKjrJ_SWvBTFBepSFmFCnglLEDiGhKHB8uZgwt0XhhWqj6H3adD4XyrD1UsP88-FVbjiz7xT6MS0lgs1vI9y_ER4IdBY9fZP5n_JFodNGEWFJ9uzxeMjfiUpY_dQKZtsqMqWi/s320/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-042.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS10j9thpgwCgrNJKcQJTH8bMMXGtjIFUk3GzQSru9Y65yaqUp34fVWrqTTAAmmWbh3oleEGoH3DXbE2A6XGEkq-yHvusiZE3bPDf7rvQFdA-BiujLcJBKQr6N5CfQ4-17RyvmM5n1OnM9/s1600/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-046.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS10j9thpgwCgrNJKcQJTH8bMMXGtjIFUk3GzQSru9Y65yaqUp34fVWrqTTAAmmWbh3oleEGoH3DXbE2A6XGEkq-yHvusiZE3bPDf7rvQFdA-BiujLcJBKQr6N5CfQ4-17RyvmM5n1OnM9/s320/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-046.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihcJ0X4l9OzA9TSC_sFaGslNjrHWSST-o_wF5pViNMUWUdbLkF5Cc8uQ_GnhbSTd1pvzmOVWffcuhNVxVT9mNCke7jVhyphenhyphenBP9_WEjsuGl5Isfzupj5eI7MoUjX6P5_RLzc68by63_lRYTS-/s1600/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-071.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihcJ0X4l9OzA9TSC_sFaGslNjrHWSST-o_wF5pViNMUWUdbLkF5Cc8uQ_GnhbSTd1pvzmOVWffcuhNVxVT9mNCke7jVhyphenhyphenBP9_WEjsuGl5Isfzupj5eI7MoUjX6P5_RLzc68by63_lRYTS-/s320/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-071.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigTXqTJFbydnvagcFcEmUGlNiiarYBqmE_JJ6kofN1ghseX17W23pU3RS3RjmWVbv8mJi_eS9xJyC8QPqyXlSz100QbY2FMiFh1x1w0m9fMuRID-2T4fjfFBNVMlA2tFUi4RtLchf8dYcJ/s1600/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-072.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigTXqTJFbydnvagcFcEmUGlNiiarYBqmE_JJ6kofN1ghseX17W23pU3RS3RjmWVbv8mJi_eS9xJyC8QPqyXlSz100QbY2FMiFh1x1w0m9fMuRID-2T4fjfFBNVMlA2tFUi4RtLchf8dYcJ/s320/Pitt_Rivers_Fijian_Tour_by_John_Cairns_13.2.17-072.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">© Pitt Rivers Museum</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
Pitt Rivers Museum Object Collectionshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07699415128071539846noreply@blogger.com0